Malte Josten

dblp:350/0824 · DBLP profile ↗
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3ranked-venue papers
3as first author
3since 2021 · last 2026
0000-0003-2102-1575ORCID · verified

Domains — the database's venue-derived domains; a paper can count in several

Security and privacy · 3 · 3 first-author · 3 since 2021
YearPublicationVenuePosition
2026 Size Does Matter: The Impact of Embedding Models and Sizes on Spam Email Classification
abstract
Spam and phishing emails remain a major cybersecurity challenge, even after decades of research into reliable detection methods. Modern ML-based spam filters typically rely on text embeddings to represent email content, yet the choice of embedding model and size is often treated as secondary. This work empirically compares a diverse set of sentence embedders to assess how model type and embedding dimensionality influence downstream email spam classification. Using both classical and ML-based classifiers, we evaluate performance across multiple embedding configurations. Our results show that embedder choice-especially embedding size-substantially affects classification performance and generalisation. We observe performance differences of up to 13% overall, alongside variations of 25% in misclassified spam and 10% in misclassified ham across embedders. These findings highlight that embedding models are not interchangeable; rather, their deliberate selection is just as critical as choosing the right classifier when designing AI-based spam detection pipelines.
Malte Josten, Gérald Kämmerer, Arne Kummerow, Torben Weis
SECRYPT (1)1
2025 Navigating the Security Challenges of LLMs: Positioning Target-Side Defenses and Identifying Research Gaps
Malte Josten, Matthias Schaffeld, René Lehmann, Torben Weis
ICISSP (2)1
2024 Investigating the Effectiveness of Bayesian Spam Filters in Detecting LLM-Modified Spam Mails
Malte Josten, Torben Weis
ICDF2C (1)1