Proof of Execution (PoX) enables a remote verifier to confirm that a specific program executed fully, correctly, and without interference on a potentially compromised device. Existing PoX solutions typically rely on trusted execution environments (TEEs) or custom hardware extensions, which limit their applicability to legacy, cost-sensitive, or resource-constrained embedded platforms. Moreover, many prior designs compromise real-time availability by disabling interrupts, enforcing two-world execution models, or relying on heavyweight isolation mechanisms. These limitations make existing PoX approaches poorly suited for safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS), where timing guarantees and responsiveness are as important as security.

Intermittent computing platforms powered by energy harvesting enable sustainable sensing and embedded intelligence in environments without reliable power. Recent advances support robust, task-based execution that tolerates frequent failures and ensures correct event-driven concurrency without the need for costly checkpointing. However, these systems lack basic security features, particularly remote attestation, undermining trust in adversarial or safety-critical settings.