We present a mixed-methods study that compares and contrasts two distinct localization approaches for imparting video-based health education to rural Indian populations. Prior research efforts in the Human-Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D) community have emphasized the value of localization of educational content. Our research uses a combination of focus groups, interviews, and knowledge retention tests to deconstruct what localization means and how it might be incorporated. Our findings highlight how characteristics of localized videos shape the participants' viewing experiences. For development-focused organizations that leverage video-based learning, our study provides insights regarding the costs and benefits of distinct localization approaches, and offers design recommendations for producing videos that yield greater traction and higher information absorption.

We examine the dissemination of mobile phone videos in the context of Projecting Health - a community health project in rural India. Our research objective was to identify the most effective means of promoting the distribution of health videos on a largely offline network of mobile phones in a resource-constrained environment. We compared three different distribution channels: mobile shop owners, laptop owners, and community health workers in a fourteen-week intervention that relied on data collected via missed calls from viewers and callbacks made to them. We present the design of our experiment, describe the challenges in deploying this experiment, and discuss overall findings. All three distribution channels were successful in targeting the community; mobile shops had access to most community members but the community health workers were most successful in getting videos out to those who were most interested in viewing them. Many participants were motivated to distribute the videos for the benefit of community. However, the number of missed calls received decreased over time, suggesting the exploration of alternative mechanisms to extrinsically motivate intermediaries and viewers for broader video distribution.

We present a qualitative study of Projecting Health, a public health project we deployed in rural Uttar Pradesh (India) to address persistently high maternal and infant mortality rates. This project is based on our model of Community-led Video Education (CVE), which leverages community resources for the generation, dissemination, and assimilation of visual media. We use the lens of information flows to examine how our instantiation of CVE enables the translation of globally approved health care norms to local household practices. We also demonstrate how CVE allows for integration with current community practices, existing state-supported health care infrastructure, social and patriarchal structures, and power dynamics within our target populations to drive community participation.

Object-oriented languages and rule-based languages offer two distinct and useful programming abstractions. However, previous attempts to integrate data-driven rules into object-oriented languages have typically achieved an uneasy union at best. R++ is a new, closer integration of the rule-based and object-oriented paradigms that extends C++ with a single programming construct, the path-based rule, as a new kind of class member. Path-based rules-data-driven rules that are restricted to following pointers between objects-are like automatic methods that are triggered by changes to the objects they monitor. Path-based rules provide a useful level of abstraction that encourages a more declarative style of programming and are valuable in object-oriented designs as a means of modeling dynamic collections of interdependent objects. Unlike more traditional pattern-matching rules, path-based rules are not at odds with the object-oriented paradigm and offer performance advantages for many natural applications.

Standard object-oriented languages do not provide language support for modeling changing collections of interdependent objects. We propose that R++, an integration of the rule and objectoriented paradigms, provides a mechanism for easily implementing such models. R++ extends C++ by adding a new programming construct called the path-based rule. Such data-driven rules are restricted to follow pointers between objects, and are like "automatic methods" that are triggered by changes to monitored objects. Path-based rules encourage a more abstract level of programming, and unlike previous rule integrations, are not at odds with the object-oriented paradigm and offer performance advantages for natural applications. 1 Introduction Object-oriented languages have simplified the design and implementation of sophisticated applications. However, as application domains have become increasingly dynamic and complex, it has become necessary to model such domains using changing collections of interdep...