Data has become widely recognized as a new productive factor with a visible impact on the global economy. However, trust among entities involved in data transactions has been hindered by various risks related to interests, security, and privacy. The replicability and timeliness of data further complicate trust considerations, impeding the development of the data market. Although several technical solutions and management mechanisms have been proposed to address trust concerns, they often focus on specific issues rather than providing a comprehensive analysis or standardized explanation of trustworthiness. This paper investigates different definitions and approaches to trust in various fields. It explores general trust patterns among entities during the flow of data elements and proposes a general definition of trustworthy data circulation based on multidisciplinary theories. The study classifies data element flow into four categories of trustworthy circulation stages and analyzes each category to derive a comprehensive implementation paradigm for trustworthiness.

With the rapid development of the data trading market, the challenges to data security are increasingly prominent. This research begins with the entire process of data element circu1ation and transaction, analyzing the security needs of data production, storage, circulation, consumption, and other links, and proposes a comprehensive security cryptographic framework. This framework primarily covers five aspects: storage security, consumption security, transaction security, management security, and privacy security. The study not only thoroughly analyzes the security risks in the entire process of data element circulation and transaction but also proposes solutions based on cryptography, which is of significant importance for guiding practical data transaction security practices. Furthermore, the research delves into how to ensure the flexible use and value mining of data while protecting data security, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for the healthy development of data element circulation and transaction.

This study aims to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises in the competitive environment and realise the rapid and sound development of enterprise security. The relationship between the digital transformation of the supply chain and the core competitiveness of enterprises is discussed from the perspective of constructing the information security (IS) of the internet of things (IoT). Firstly, the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) model of the information centre is established to study the technical problems of information encryption of IoT enterprises. Secondly, the correlation analysis method is used to determine the impact of supply chain transformation on the future development of enterprises through the correlation between the digital transformation of the supply chain and enterprise competitiveness. Finally, targeted solutions are proposed for the digital transformation of the supply chain and the IS of IoT of enterprises.