Due to the large-scale, dynamic topology and multi-hop communication characteristics of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, trust management has become a critical requirement for secure and reliable network operation. However, existing trust management schemes generally rely on endpoint-centric observations or centralized evidence aggregation, making them poorly suited to realistic IoT deployments with partial observability. In particular, performance degradations caused by compromised intermediate nodes or unstable links are often misattributed to benign devices, leading to distorted trust evaluation and inefficient trust-based control. To address these challenges, this study proposes a topology-aware trust management framework (GZTrust) for multi-hop IoT networks designed in accordance with Zero Trust principles. The GZTrust framework introduces a structured separation between trust evidence generation, trust reasoning, and trust-driven control. In the data plane, a TrustTrace mechanism is employed to incrementally collect hop-level trust evidence along forwarding paths with verifiable integrity and privacy-preserving pseudonyms. In the trust plane, dynamically selected policy enforcement points (PEPs) aggregate localized evidence in a topology-aware manner to avoid flat centralized processing. To accurately evaluate trust, this study designs an attribution-aware trust computation model that decomposes hop-level anomalies into node-centric and link-centric responsibility components. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that GZTrust consistently outperforms state-of-the-art trust management schemes, improving the F1-score by approximately 6–13% across varying malicious node ratios (5%–50%). These results indicate that GZTrust provides a practical and scalable trust management framework for dynamic multi-hop IoT environments, with a lightweight overhead profile that is well aligned with resource-constrained deployment settings.

Quality of Service (QoS) routing is a critical technique for delivering differentiated services under limited network resources to meet the specific requirements of endpoint applications. Despite the development of various routing algorithms and management architectures, achieving fine-grained QoS optimization within existing networks remains challenging due to the lack of endpoint control over routing decisions. This paper introduces PanQoSR, the first application of path-aware networks (PAN) in QoS routing. PanQoSR leverages the inherent capabilities of PAN by offloading path computation and selection to the endpoint, enabling flow-level fine-grained QoS optimization. PanQoSR addresses several key challenges in applying PAN to QoS routing. First, by leveraging existing network technologies and protocols, PanQoSR remains fully compatible with legacy networks without requiring significant modifications. Second, by introducing an ε−Constraint Pathfinding (ε−CP) algorithm for intra-AS path computation and a Nonlinear Cost Pathfinding (NCP) algorithm for inter-AS path computation, PanQoSR achieves both high QoS guarantees and computational efficiency. Experimental results show that PanQoSR reduces QoS violation rates by up to 70.8% compared to baselines, while also decreasing inter-AS path computation time by 22.4% to 65.6%.

Path-aware networks have garnered significant attention as an emerging research area. It allows network senders to actively select or influence transmission paths to meet specific requirements, which necessitates the support of path validation mechanisms. Supported by the path-aware networking research group under the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), path validation plays a crucial role in enhancing end hosts' control over packet forwarding. However, existing methods face trade-offs among security, protocol header overhead, and computational cost, forming a ''trilemma.'' Drawing inspiration from persistent validation in zero-trust architecture, we propose the 1BIT protocol. This protocol reduces protocol header overhead by more than 57% while providing robust data flow security. The packet demand for path fault detection is reduced by more than 72%, and fault locations can be precisely identified. By employing hash algorithms and few binary operations, the 1BIT protocol achieves high throughput and supports routers capable of adapting to high-speed, multi-interface environments. On a 16-core CPU, the 1BIT protocol can handle throughput exceeding 100 Gbps. This lightweight and efficient solution introduces anomaly signal detection techniques into the field of path validation. Benefiting from in-depth research on anomaly signal detection, this technology offers a richer set of solutions for path validation and lays the foundation for future research and implementation in areas such as multi-path validation and path privacy protection.

In the current Internet architecture, path validation protocols enable the source host to accurately trace the forwarding path of packets, thereby preventing degradation in the quality and security of network services. However, these protocols typically rely on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which can theoretically result in a storage overhead of at least 64 PB. To address this issue, we propose an Identity-Based Path Validation Protocol (IB-SC). This protocol leverages a trusted third party equipped with a public-private key pair to distribute identity keys to network nodes. The identities of these nodes, along with the public key of the third party, are used to validate packet signatures. Furthermore, we designed a Source Commitment (SC) mechanism that commits to parameters of future packets to further enhance the performance of the IB-SC protocol. Evaluation results demonstrate that the IB-SC protocol eliminates the overhead associated with PKI and session key management. Compared to the Atomos protocol, which provides similar security levels, IB-SC reduces the signature space overhead by 73.4%, the packet construction and processing delay by 8.4% and 62.1%.

Abstract With the continuous advancement of virtualization technology and the widespread adoption of 5G networks, the application of the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) architecture has become increasingly popular and prevalent. While the NFV architecture brings a lot of advantages, it also introduces security challenges, including the effective and efficient verification of the integrity of deployed Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) and ensuring the secure operation of VNFs. To address the challenge of efficiently conducting virtual remote attestation for VNFs and establishing trust in virtualized environments like NFV architecture, we propose TVRAVNF, which is a highly efficient and low-cost TEE-based virtual remote attestation scheme for VNFs. The scheme we proposed ensures the security and effectiveness of the virtual remote attestation process by leveraging TEE. Furthermore, we introduces a novel local attestation mechanism, which not only reduces the overall overhead of the virtual remote attestation process but also shortens the attestation interval to mitigate Time-Of-Check-Time-Of-Use attacks, thereby enhancing overall security. We conduct experiments to validate the overhead of the TVRAVNF scheme and compare its performance with that of a typical remote attestation process within a maximum unattested time interval. The experimental results demonstrate that, by employing the local attestation mechanism, our solution achieves nearly an 80% significant performance improvement with a relatively small time overhead for small to medium-sized files. This further substantiates the significant advantages of our approach in both security and efficiency.