Multi-link operation (MLO) is a key feature introduced in the IEEE 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) standard to support the quality of service (QoS) demands of emerging Internet of Things (IoT) wireless applications. To fully exploit the advantage of MLO, assigning traffic identifications (TIDs) to an appropriate link is essential. In this paper, a novel TID-to-link mapping (TTLM) scheme named federated learning-empowered correlation estimation transformer-based TTLM (FLCET3LM) is proposed to achieve high throughput and low latency while reducing the energy consumption in IEEE 802.11bn (Wi-Fi 8) networks. FLCET3LM is based on a novel federated learning empowered correlation aware framework that can output the link concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between stations (STAs) based on the average received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of each STA. In addition, FLCET3LM includes a TTLM optimization framework that minimizes the weighted CCC sum while maintaining a link utilization to a certain extent. The performance of FLCET3LM was evaluated based on Python simulation, where the results show that FLCET3LM can provide a significant performance gain in terms of throughput, latency, frame error rate, and energy consumption.

As wireless local area network (WLAN) devices become more prevalent in various environments, the IEEE 802.11ax standard (Wi-Fi 6), released in 2021, aims to improve the spectral efficiency. The overlapping basic service set (OBSS) packet detection (PD)-based spatial reuse (SR) scheme is a main technology for this purpose which can increase channel access opportunities by adjusting parameters. However, the standard only provides boundary values for parameter adjustment and does not provide details on how to optimize the performance, which can lead to a performance degradation. The IEEE 802.11be standard (Wi-Fi 7), established to satisfy extremely high-throughput (EHT) demands of next-generation applications, includes the OBSS PD-based SR scheme and the coordinated SR (CSR) scheme to maximize area throughput in dense networks. The CSR scheme optimizes the transmission performance through coordination between access points (APs), which results in additional signaling overhead and protocol complexity. In this article, an enhanced SR scheme named optimized transmission power-based OBSS PD (OTOP) SR is proposed to achieve high throughput in dense networks. The OTOP scheme enhances the parameter control operation of OBSS PD-based SR to take advantage of its distributed nature which keeps the signaling overhead and protocol complexity low. The OTOP scheme derives the optimal transmission power that can maximize the transmission success probability of WLAN devices based on stochastic geometry analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed OTOP scheme performs better than the existing SR gain maximizing and OBSS PD-based SR schemes in terms of throughput, frame error rate, and fairness.

5G networks were designed to provide sufficient throughput and reliable data communication services. To achieve the targeted QoS requirements of the 5G specifications, the use of mmWaves are essential. However, mmWavs are very vulnerable to signal blockages due their high frequency. Multi-path transmission control protocol (MPTCP) can deal with this problem by transmitting data through multiple subflows using TCP. The current congestion control scheme of MPTCP was designed for wired networks and is not suitable for use in wireless networks. In this paper, a new MPTCP congestion control algorithm named round trip time (RTT) estimation based Veno (REVeno) is proposed to better support wireless networks by distinguishing between loss due to congestion and wireless channel errors. The proposed REVeno scheme uses a novel backlog estimation formula that considers the total buffer size and parameters that distinguish loss due to congestion and loss due to the wireless channel. The REVeno scheme will use these estimations to minimizes the reordering delay by equalizing the equilibrium RTT of all subflows. The simulation results show that the proposed REVeno scheme performs better than the existing schemes in terms of goodput and latency without adversely affecting other concurrent TCP connections in the same network.

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a promising solution that can provide high end-to-end throughput in fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. Many next-generation applications will require high throughput and low latency simultaneously, but the current MPTCP congestion control algorithms cannot reliably satisfy this requirement. In this paper, a novel MPTCP congestion control scheme named delay-equalized FAST (DEFT) is proposed to achieve high throughput and low end-to-end (E2E) delay in 5G networks. First, in order to achieve high throughput, DEFT includes a novel window control algorithm that shows fast responsiveness when the state of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) link changes from line-of-sight (LOS) to non-LOS (NLOS) and vice versa. Second, in order to achieve low E2E delay, DEFT includes a delay-equalizing algorithm which minimizes additional reordering delay in the receive buffer. The performance of DEFT was evaluated based on ns-3 simulation and was compared with wVegas, Balia, and delay-adapted LIA. Simulation results show that DEFT can provide a significant goodput gain and application-level E2E delay reduction for the range of interest.

At present, a number of users employ an authentication protocol so as to enjoy protected electronic transactions in wireless networks. In order to establish an efficient and robust the transaction system, numerous researches have been conducted relating to authentication protocols. Recently, Kaul and Awasthi presented an user authentication and key agreement scheme, arguing that their scheme is able to resist various types of attacks and preserve diverse security properties. However, this scheme possesses critical vulnerabilities. First, the scheme cannot prevent two kinds of attacks, including off-line password guessing attacks and user impersonation attacks. Second, user anonymity rule cannot be upheld. Third, session key can be compromised by an attacker. Fourth, there is high possibility that the time synchronization trouble occurs. Therefore, we suggest an upgraded version of the user authenticated key agreement method that provides enhanced security. Our security and performance analysis shows that compared, to other associated protocols, our method not only improves the security level but also ensures efficiency.

Abstract Because of the evolution of mobile devices and networks, users can now access a network at any moment, in whatever place with a smart card. User authentication using smart card is a technique in which server checks the legality of a user between insecure channel, which avoid the peril of eavesdropping. Today, the user authentication schemes are proposed several ways. As schemes are proposed and analyzed for several years, way to authentication is also diversifying such as chaotic map and elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Recently, new authentication scheme is proposed which uses Markov Chain. The proposed scheme is explained that can resist several hazard of security such as reflection attack, forgery attack, parallel‐session attack. However, we refer that existing scheme is still insecure to protect some several security attack such as user impersonation attack, off‐line password guessing attack, and so on, so the existing scheme is unsuitable for real implementation. To fix these security flaws, we recommend an efficient and robust authentication scheme, which protects all the identified flaws of existent scheme. Furthermore, our propose scheme is more efficient and covers the identified vulnerability of existing scheme; therefore, our proposed scheme is more suitable to apply real‐life application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.