The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) across various domains has made their safety a critical priority.Inspired by think-tank decision-making philosophy, we propose DiplomacyAgent, an LLM-based multiagent system for diplomatic position analysis.With DiplomacyAgent, we are able to systematically assess how LLMs balance "interests" against "ethical principles" when addressing various international events, hence understanding the safety implications of LLMs in diplomacy.Specifically, this will help to assess the consistency of LLM stance with widely recognized ethical standards, as well as the potential risks or ideological biases that may arise.Through integrated quantitative metrics, our research uncovers unexpected decision-making patterns in LLM responses to sensitive issues including human rights protection, environmental sustainability, regional conflicts, etc.It discloses that LLMs could exhibit a strong bias towards interests, leading to unsafe decisions that violate ethical and moral principles.Our experiment results suggest that deploying LLMs in high-stakes domains, particularly in the formulation of diplomatic policies, necessitates a comprehensive assessment of potential ethical and social implications, as well as the implementation of stringent safety protocols.

For hyperspectral image classification, manifold learning based graph Laplacian is proposed in the Laplacian support vector machine (LapSVM) classifier. The manifold regularization term in LapSVM constrains the smoothness of classification function on the data manifold. Since manifold learning approach is capable of exploring the manifold geometry of data, it is suitable for calculating the graph Laplacian in the regularization term. Two manifold learning methods, local tangent space alignment (LTSA) and locally linear embedding (LLE) are utilized to obtain graph Laplacian. Experimental results indicate that the LTSA and LLE based graph Laplacian produce superior classification results than heat kernel weights and binary weights based graph Laplacian in LapSVM.

This paper proposes a method for the classification of land cover in remote sensing imagery using evolutionary artificial neural networks (EANN) compared against multilayer perceptrons (MLP) with backpropagation algorithm. Evolutionary neural networks have combined the features of artificial neural networks (ANN) and evolutionary algorithms (EA) in the way that simultaneously evolving ANN architecture and weights. The parsimony of evolved ANN is encouraged by preferring node mutation and connection mutation. This enables consistent reductions of mean square errors of spectral classification with respect to sample pixels. Land-cover classification experiments were carried out by EANN-based classifiers and MLP-based classifiers in a 300times300 pixels Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) high-resolution image of Zhaoyuan in Shandong province in eastern China. We found that the use of evolutionary algorithms for finding the optimal ANN results mainly in improvements in overall accuracy of an ANN with backpropagation algorithm and produce more compact ANN with good generalization ability in comparison with MLP. It is observed that classification accuracy of up to 90% is achievable for Landsat data produced by EANN.