A full remotely powered system for metabolism monitoring of free-moving mice is presented here. The fully implantable sensing platform hosts two ASICs, one off-the-shelf micro-controller, four biosensors, two other sensors, a coil to receive power, and an antenna to transmit data. Proper enzymes ensure specificity for animal metabolites while Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ensure the due sensitivity. The remote powering is indeed provided by inductive coils located under the floor of the mouse' cage. Two different approaches where investigated to ensure freedom of movement to the animal. The application to studies for personalized medicine is demonstrated by showing continuous monitoring of both glucose and paracetamol.

Biosensors are heterogenous devices, incorporating biological structures combined with electronics, optical or other readout systems. They have been developed for detecting different biomolecules and/or pathogens and represent a key technology for advanced and point-of-care diagnostics as well as patient monitoring. In this paper we present a systematic classification of biosensors described in literature, particularly focusing on nanotechnology-based sensing. Then, we present our approach to develop electrochemical biosensors for measuring metabolites and anticancer drugs, based on a platform for multiple target detection. This platform is modular and achieves a clear separation between the chemical and the electrical components, thus easing design and manufacturing. It shows superior performance thanks to the excellent properties of electron transfer and selectivity showed by enzymes immobilized on carbon nanotubes.

The objective of this work is the systematic study of the use of electrochemical readout for advanced diagnosis and drug monitoring. Whereas to date various electrochemical principles have been studied and successfully tested, they typically operate on a single target molecule and are not integrated in a full data analysis chain. The present work aims to view various sensing approaches and explore the design space for integrated realization of multi-target sensors and sensor arrays.