While satellite or cellular positioning implies dedicated hardware or network infrastructure functions, indoor navigation or novel IoT positioning techniques include flexible storage and computation requirements that can be fulfilled by both end‐devices or cloud back‐ends. Hybrid positioning systems support the integration of several algorithms and technologies; however, the common trend of delegating position calculation and storage of local geoinformation to mobile devices or centralized servers causes performance degradation in terms of delay, battery usage, and waste of network resources. The strategy followed in this work is offloading this computation effort onto the network edge, following a Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) approach. MEC nodes in the access network of the mobile device are in charge of receiving navigation data coming from both the smart infrastructure and mobile devices, in order to compute the final position following a hybrid approach. With the aim of supporting mobility and the access to multiple networks, an Information Centric Networking (ICN) solution is used to access generic position information resources. The presented system currently supports WiFi, Bluetooth LE, GPS, cellular and NFC technologies, involving both indoor and outdoor positioning, using fingerprinting and proximity for indoor navigation, and the integration of smart infrastructure data sources such as the door opening system within real smart campus deployment. Evaluations carried out reveal latency improvements of 50%, as compared with a regular configuration where position fixes are computed by mobile devices; at the same time the MEC solution offers extra flexibility features to manage positioning databases and algorithms and move extensive computation from constrained devices to the edge.

Communications will be a must for two-wheel vehicles integrated into future smart mobility environments. Two-wheelers will be connected with vehicular networks and smart cities, and for this to happen it is necessary not only a base technological support, but also a proper communication middleware able to maintain reachable the bike or moped through the network. In this work, we present a communication node for two-wheelers supporting network mobility and including 3G and 802.11p communication technologies. The communication unit has been designed and prototyped, and it has been provided with an IPv6 communication stack with an enhanced mobility management. The operation of the unit has been assessed in real environments, presenting good performance results and thus offering a novel platform suitable for the next generation of telematics services embracing two-wheelers.

Abstract This paper describes the experience and findings of deploying a vehicular scenario based on a heterogeneous network. WiMAX and Wi‐Fi have been chosen as access technologies because of their wide presence in the market and their different coverage range. Our approach has been developed, taking into account crucial aspects regarding mobility and security. These two aspects have been provided by Network Mobility and Internet Key Exchange version 2 protocols, respectively. In addition, a study about how to interoperate them has been performed, describing the benefits and drawbacks of every existing approach. Regarding handover latency, some improvements have been identified in order to reduce it to the minimum. Fast authentication methods, pre‐authentication method, and “multiple care‐of addresses” mechanism are examples of these improvements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A common practice is applying security after a network has been designed or developed. We have the opportunity of not committing this error in vehicular networks. Apart from particular works in the literature, ETSI TC ITS has defined general security services for (vehicular) cooperative systems. However, existent efforts do not pay the needed attention to the integration of IPv6 yet. The potential of IPv6 in the field is being described within ISO TC 204, above all, but further work is needed for a proper integration of security. This work follows this direction, and a reference vehicular communication architecture considering ETSI/ISO regulations, uses Internet Protocol security (IPsec) and Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) to secure IPv6 Network Mobility (NEMO). A key advance is also the implementation and experimental evaluation of the proposal in a challenging vertical handover scenario between 3G and 802.11p. The performance of the secured NEMO channel is widely analyzed in terms of the movement speed, bandwidth, traffic type or signal quality, and it is concluded that the addition of IPv6 security only implies a slight reduction in the overall performance, with the great advantage of providing confidentiality, integrity and authenticity to the communication path.

This paper describes how mobility and security services are provided together in a vehicular scenario based on WiMAX technology. MIPv6 and IKEv2 protocols have been chosen for this purpose, in particular the “Mip6d” and “OpenIKEv2” implementations respectively. But this cooperation is performed in a different way as usual, because they also implement an access control mechanism for visited networks. This mechanism is based on the EAP protocol, that let us change the authentication method and test their different behaviours in a mobility scenario. “OpenIKEv2” has been developed in the University of Murcia. For this reason, all changes preformed in order to interoperate with “Mip6d” have been performed in our IKEv2 implementation.

This paper describes a testbed scenario deployed over a WiMAX1 [11] based wireless access network using IKEv22 [3] protocol for authentication purposes. OpenIKEv2[8] is the chosen implementation of IKEv2, that provides security to wireless communications, but also allows us to use the EAP3 [6] authentication protocol that lets us reach the main purpose of this testbed: to test the behaviour of recent designed authentication methods in a mobility scenario of vertical and horizontal handovers. These researches are aimed at vehicular networks[1], where mobility is the crucial aspect to be taken into account.