This live demonstration shows a low-cost but high-performance hardware IP for video stream encryption and authentication on real-time monitoring system. The proposed IP is essentially based on the established standard of lightweight cryptography (LWC) by NIST in 2023, which is called Ascon cipher. For maintaining the frame rate of the video, a high-speed and low-cost hardware IP is proposed with a step-by-step setup procedure introduced in this brief. Given that the recursive permutation of Ascon algorithm, the cost of the proposed Ascon cipher IP can be sustainably reduced by round-based design. The video stream encryption system is realized on Xilinx PYNQ-Z2 board with some peripheral IPs embedded in that FPGA board. Implementation results show the designed IP and the SoC system can perform better than the previous work.

For a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), the variation of its output clock cycle time known as clock jitter is an important performance metric. A complete online clock jitter measurement is often performed in two stages – quantization of the clock cycle times into digital codes, and calibration of the digital codes into absolute jitter information in pico-seconds. The latter stage could be challenging as it requires accurate training clock signals as references. In this article, we propose a dithering-based scheme to resolve this issue with ease. For a cell-based PLL using a 90nm CMOS process, the post-layout transistor-level simulation supports that this is a simple yet effective method.

In this work we propose a test method to check the robustness of a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The goal is to identify weak devices that could fail under hostile operating conditions. We devise a “rigorous test flow” to measure the performance of a PLL device with “mimicked” hostile operating conditions. At the end of the test, the peak-to-peak jitter is used as a “robustness indicator” to guide the screening process of weak devices. Implementation of the proposed test flow on a PLL in a 90nm CMOS process demonstrates that obscure symptoms that might have escaped a simple traditional test can now be revealed.

This study examines how transformational leadership influences value co-creation in virtual communities through various driving factors. Considering that participants of the same virtual community may experience a context effect resulting from perceived organizational consensus, this study employs a hierarchical linear model (HLM) for verification. This study proposes the following hypothesis: transformational leadership affects value co-creation by community members through social capital at the organizational level and knowledge sharing at the individual level. The results show that at the organizational level, transformational leadership positively affects social capital, which in turn positively affects value co-creation at the individual level. In addition, organizational-level transformational leadership positively influences knowledge sharing at the individual level, which in turn positively affects individual-level value co-creation. This study offers four contributions to the field of research: (a) contrary to previous studies that have emphasized commercial virtual communities, this study applies value co-creation to non-commercial virtual communities, investigating these communities to determine the source of innovation value, thereby advancing the exploration of value co-creation; (b) adopting the perspective of community leaders, this study compensates for the deficiencies of previous studies that adopted the perspective of customers; (c) concerning the overall framework, this study establishes organizational- and individual-level driving factors, investigating how transformational leadership influences value co-creation by community members; and (d) regarding methodology contribution, because virtual community composition exhibits nested characteristics, this study adopts the HLM for verification, increasing the accuracy of cross-level explanatory power that high-level explanatory variables possess for low-level dependent variables.

The purpose of this study is to apply the technology acceptance model to examine the employees' attitudes and acceptance of electronic learning (e-learning) systems in organisations. This study examines four factors (organisational support, computer self-efficacy, prior experience and task equivocality) that are believed to influence employees' perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes and intention to use e-learning systems. Participants were selected from Taiwanese companies that have already implemented e-learning systems. Three hundred and thirty-two valid questionnaires were collected, and structure equation modelling was conducted to test the research hypotheses. The findings provided practical implications for organisational trainers, educators and e-learning system developers.