Although Large language Model (LLM)-powered information extraction (IE) systems have shown impressive capabilities, current fine-tuning paradigms face two major limitations: high training costs and difficulties in aligning with LLM preferences. To address these issues, we propose a novel universal IE paradigm—the Self-Correcting Iterative Refinement (SCIR) framework—along with a Multi-task Bilingual (Chinese-English) Self-Correcting (MBSC) dataset containing over 100,000 entries. The SCIR framework achieves plug-and-play compatibility with existing LLMs and IE systems through its Dual-Path Self-Correcting module and feedback-driven optimization, thereby significantly reducing training costs. Concurrently, the MBSC dataset tackles the challenge of preference alignment by indirectly distilling GPT-4's capabilities into IE result detection models. Experimental results demonstrate that SCIR outperforms state-of-the-art IE methods across three key tasks— named entity recognition, relation extraction, and event extraction—achieving a 5.27 percent average improvement in span-based Micro-F1 while reducing training costs by 87 percent compared to baseline approaches. These advancements not only enhance the flexibility and accuracy of IE systems but also pave the way for lightweight and efficient IE paradigms.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential for text-attributed graph (TAG) learning, yet effectively integrating LLM semantics with graph structural information remains challenging.Embeddings obtained from frozen LLMs lack topology awareness, while fine-tuning LLMs is often computationally expensive.Moreover, LLM embeddings are highdimensional, and naively reducing dimensionality tends to destroy semantics.To address these issues, we propose GASE, a framework for learning Graph-Aware Semantic Embeddings using frozen LLMs.GASE consists of two key stages: First, we introduce a Training-Free Structure-Aware Semantic Extraction (TSSE) module.Through inter-layer semantic feedback and progressive masked attention, it efficiently compresses and propagates semantic context from neighboring nodes without updating LLM parameters.Second, we propose a Subspace Decomposition and Structural Injection (SDSI) strategy.Embeddings obtained from TSSE are decomposed into a semantic-rich subspace and a structural injection subspace, and structural signals are injected into the latter, which preserves original semantics while integrating graph information.Experiments demonstrate that GASE outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on node classification and achieves a 5× speedup over fine-tuning-based methods.

Multi-step reasoning remains challenging for language models with limited capacity.While recent reasoning distillation approaches transfer chain-of-thought supervision from large teacher models, they typically apply uniform supervision across all Transformer components, overlooking the fact that different modules contribute unequally to reasoning.We propose Module-Aware Reasoning Distillation, a parameter-efficient framework that explicitly targets key Transformer components for effective reasoning transfer.Through systematic analysis, we identify the feed-forward network projections and the output projection of self-attention as primary bottlenecks for reasoning.Based on these findings, we introduce lightweight adapter modules at these components while freezing the backbone parameters, enabling focused and efficient distillation.Our approach adopts an offline distillation setting, where a strong teacher model provides reasoning trajectories in advance, and incorporates an adaptive supervision strategy that adjusts the strength of reasoning-related losses according to problem difficulty.Experiments on mathematical reasoning benchmarks demonstrate consistent improvements over strong baselines, and ablation studies confirm the importance of both module-aware placement and adaptive supervision.

Blood vessel pruning during angiogenesis is the optimization process of the branching pattern to improve the transport properties of a vascular network. Recent studies show that part of endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to lower shear stress migrate toward vessels with higher shear stress in opposition to the blood flow for vessel regression. While dynamic changes of blood flow and local mechano-stress could coordinately modulate EC migration for vessel regression within the closed circulatory system, the effect of complexity of haemodynamic forces and vessel properties on vessel pruning remains elusive. Here, we reconstructed a 3-dimentsional (3D) vessel structure from 2D confocal images of the growing vessels in the mouse retina, and numerically obtained the local information of blood flow, shear stress and blood pressure in the vasculature. Moreover, we developed a predictive model for vessel pruning based on machine learning. We found that the combination of shear stress and blood pressure with vessel radius was tightly correlated to vessel pruning sites. Our results highlighted that orchestrated contribution of local haemodynamic parameters was important for the vessel pruning.