In recent years, numerous group authentication and key agreement (GAKA) schemes have been proposed for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoTs). However, the frequent identity updates that are a feature of IIoT environments mean that existing schemes cannot maintain full-lifecycle device anonymity. Meanwhile, static integrity verification approaches cannot effectively cope with the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of industrial networks, making it imperative to design an adaptive data integrity protection mechanism to maintain reliable and resilient communication. Additionally, the simultaneous access of a large number of intelligent industrial devices to gateway nodes creates significant computational and communication challenges, while also increasing the risk of denial-of-service attacks and other concurrent threats. Consequently, current schemes are unable to strike an optimal balance between efficiency and security in large-scale IIoT deployments. In our scheme, we first designed an anonymous token mechanism to achieve sufficient randomness for unlinkability when communicating with the same gateway node across different time periods. Secondly, integrating associated data into the authenticated sponge construction (ASCON) encryption process ensures the legitimacy and integrity of the data during transmission. Third, we conduct rigorous security proofs under the widely accepted Algebraic Group Model (AGM) and Random Oracle Model (ROM), demonstrating that our group authentication mechanism is unforgeable against adaptive chosen-public-key and adaptive chosen-subspace attacks. Finally, the performance evaluation demonstrates that our proposed scheme achieves improvement in computational efficiency, while the communication overhead analysis confirms that the design remains both efficient.