Smiliemail is an existing web-based application that enhances online communication by enabling users to create and send affective, engaging messages. It uses a computer generated video avatar, which articulates a sender's message that has been tagged using an XML markup language. With the advent of smart phones, a new less complex screen by screen interface was required due to their reduced screen size and power. A new Smiliemail client could also cater for the mobile paradigm of "media-rich communication everywhere". Interaction between users on Social Network Sites (SNS), such as Facebook often use emotional or affective communication. However, plain text messages, even if tempered with appropriate smilie icons, often cause misunderstanding, leading to flame wars or similar. Hence the Smiliemail affective avatars may provide an effective inter-user communication on SNSs. This case-study discusses the user interface evolution from the existing web-based Smiliemail interface, through to a smart phone interface, and finally to the SmilieFace Facebook application "canvas" interface. This study also details some Facebook application user interface and implementation issues.

Spatial Data Infrastructures have recently become a crucial part of national infrastructures. Example users are governments using them to make informed policy decisions and the private sector using them in order to understand their customers better. It is estimated that Australian spatial industry revenue is in excess of $1.35 billion annually. The Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information in Australia is currently working with the Commonwealth, jurisdictions and the private sector to understand the research required in this area to support both the public and private sectors in their decision and policy making based upon these infrastructures. This paper presents an early perspective as to possible research areas in this field. An underlying theme that reoccurs in the research is the need to consider usability of such systems and the need to move beyond just data to orchestration of processes to obtain derived products.

This paper reports on results from a pilot study that used Bloompsilas taxonomy to observe cognition levels during software inspections conducted by undergraduate computer science and software engineering students. Cognition levels associated with three different code inspection techniques were investigated. These were the ad hoc, abstraction driven, and checklist-based reading strategies. Higher cognition levels were observed when using inspection techniques that utilise a more structured reading process. This result highlights the importance of introducing novice programmers to structured code reading strategies. Findings suggest that teaching different software inspection techniques throughout software courses, beginning with structured techniques, is an excellent way to build a studentpsilas critical software reading and analysis skills.

This paper reports on a study in which developers' cognitive levels were categorised and measured while they mapped a sequence diagram to the related code based on a usage based reading scenario. Results indicate that applying the usage-based reading technique to map a sequence diagram to the underlying code, facilitates a developer to operate at the knowledge and comprehension levels of Bloom's cognitive taxonomy, but does not facilitate sustaining it at the analysis level. The results of this study highlight the need for improved tools and methodologies that aid developers understanding of the system, particularly for those commencing a new project.

Software maintenance can consume up to 70% of the effort spent on a software project, with more than half of this devoted to understanding the system. Performing a software inspection is expected to contribute to comprehension of the software. The question is: at what cognition levels do novice developers operate during a checklist-based code inspection followed by a code modification? This paper reports on a pilot study of Bloom's taxonomy levels observed during a checklist-based inspection and while adding new functionality unrelated to the defects detected. Bloom's taxonomy was used to categorise think-aloud data recorded while performing these activities. Results show the checklist-based reading technique facilitates inspectors to function at the highest cognitive level within the taxonomy and indicates that using inspections with novice developers to improve cognition and understanding may assist integrating developers into existing project teams.