Abstract With the rapid growth of mobile Internet, offering seamless connectivity in different types of wireless networks is an important feature in next generation wireless networks (4G networks). Mobile IP (MIP) is expected to play a key role to handle the movements of mobile nodes (MNs) in 4G networks. However, MIP suffers from long handoff latency since it is designed to support the macromobility of a MN. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a scheme that provides currently deployed networks with backward compatibility and that offers seamless connectivity during MIP handoffs across the heterogeneous wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a client‐based vertical handoff system for multi‐networks to provide end‐users with seamless connectivity across heterogeneous wireless networks. Our proposed system is designed as a common network interface at a client side and provides transparent service to IP/MIP layers regardless of used wireless technologies. With this system, we also present vertical handoff performance over a loosely coupled cdma2000/WLAN experimental test‐bed. The experimental results show that our system enables a MN to handoff seamlessly across different types of wireless networks without any modifications to the existing IP/MIP stack and core network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nowadays, XML has been favored as a means of sharing and distributing data, due to its open-architectural feature. XML-GL, a graphical query language for XML document, has the advantage of structuring and defining itself. By incorporating UML, an XML document can become object-oriented and can be represented by graphical means. This paper proposes an efficient query modelling of XML-GL using UML class diagram and OCL. In order to restrict properly the modeled object the Object Constraint Language(OCL) is used. By using proposed technique, we can store and manage XML documents as object-oriented data. And, we search XML documents more efficiently by a proposed query modeling technique using UML class diagram.

With the rapid growth of mobile Internet, offering seamless connectivity and high-speed multimedia services in different types of wireless networks are important features in next generation wireless networks (4G networks). Many researchers envision that the 4G networks will consist of many radio access technologies which integrate into all IP-based networks while providing seamless handoffs across the heterogeneous wireless networks. Mobile IP is a prominent solution to handle mobile nodespsila movement in IP-based networks. However, Mobile IP suffers from long handoff latency since it is designed to support the macromobility of a mobile node. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a scheme that offers seamless connectivity during Mobile IP handoffs across the heterogeneous wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a client-based handoff management system for multi-networks to provide end-users with seamless connectivity across heterogeneous wireless networks. Our proposed system is designed as a common network interface at a client side and provides transparent services to IP/MIP layers regardless of used wireless technologies. With this system, we also present vertical handoff performance over a loosely coupled cdma2000/WLAN experimental test-bed. The experimental results show that our system enables a mobile node to handoff seamlessly across different types of wireless networks without any modifications to the existing IP/MIP stack and core network.

Mobile IPv6, which is a protocol being standardized by IETF for global IP mobility support, is expected to play a key role for future all-IP wireless networks. As the demands for delay sensitive real-time applications increase, the handover latency of mobile IPv6 becomes inadequate for these applications. There have been many proposals, such as fast handovers for mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6), to tackle this problem. However, FMIPv6 only concentrates on the protocol operation while it does not address other issues, such as radio access discovery and candidate access router discovery, that are critical to the handover performance of FMIPv6. Therefore, in this paper, we propose ARIP (access router information protocol), which performs a candidate access router discovery and a radio access network discovery in one protocol suite, to provide an efficient handover framework for MIPv6 and FMIPv6. ARIP is designed to cope with heterogeneous networks as well as homogeneous networks and to be closely coupled with FMIPv6 to provide an efficient handover operation. The performance evaluation of MIPv6, FMIPv6, and FMIPv6 with ARIP is performed in an actual network environment and the performance results show that FMIPv6 with ARIP gives the best performance in terms of handover latency

The SMIL specification that is recently approved by the W3C and is meant to help deliver multimedia contents to the Web, is widely used in these days and they have continuously emerged tools or software related with that. In this paper, we propose an system to convert temporal scripts of RASP that is an experimental toolkit for computer animation that promotes interaction-based programming over time in to a SMIL document. For making better use of SMIL documents, we can improve reusability of animation components, and, main contribution of this paper is that it verifies the sequence diagram generated for synchronization of SMIL documents by reconverting SMIL from UML sequence diagram.

Documents based on Web have been increased very rapidly according to development of Web technology and the documents are very various in document structure and data type. Therefore, many intelligent information systems have applied document categorization method and semantic relation, which they developed to offer fit documents for the user. But information system in present is unable to offer fit information for personal interesting because of the lack of related knowledge which it specify relationship between concepts based on document content. Also there are unable to interpret the content of information resources due to the lack of knowledge. Therefore, in this paper we want to express hierarchical structure in according to concept degree of different structure and data type of document on Web using ontology method, which it is a specification of a conceptualization. Also we propose an algorithm to classify into the same cluster connected documents of similar meaning and reorganization use to fuzzy function and relation.

In Web-based information systems, separating business process logic from data and presentation logic creates a wide range of advantages. However, this separation is not easily achieved; even the data logic may be not separated from the presentation layer. Therefore it is necessary to define an abstract model for business processes, and then to map the model into a user's dynamic interface using the logic separating strategy. We present a stylesheet method for recognizing the process by extending the XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) in order to achieve logic separation. This discussion provides an abstract specification of the business process and a scheme that extracts business model factors and their interactions using a Petri-net notation to show the business model from the process point of view. This is an attempt to separate the user interaction from the business process, that is, the separating of the dynamic components of the interaction Web document from the process structure of the Web applications. As a result, the development of service-oriented Web sites is made very easy and can be changed without affecting the other modules by virtue of the modularization concept. This facilitates development and maintenance of Web applications in independent manner.

In this paper, we present a new reversible decorrelation method of three-dimensional (3-D) medical images for progressive transmission. Progressive transmission of an image permits gradual improvement of image quality while being displayed. When the amount of image data is very large, as a 3-D medical image, the progressive transmission plays an important role in viewing or browsing the image. The data structure presented in this paper takes account of interframe correlation as well as intraframe correlation of the 3-D image. This type of data structure has been termed the 3-D hierarchy embedded differential image (3-D-HEDI) as was derived from the earlier HEDI structure. Experiments were conducted to verify the performance of 3-D HEDI in terms of the decorrelation efficiency as well as the progressive transmission efficiency. It is compared with those of conventional hierarchy interpolation (HINT), two-dimensional (2-D) HEDI and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM). Experimental results indicate that 3-D HEDI outperforms HINT, 2-D HEDI and DPCM in both decorrelation efficiency as well as the progressive transmission efficiency on 3-D medical images.

An ever increasing number of registered trademarks has created greater demand for an automatic trademark retrieval system. We present a method for such a system based on the image content using shape features. Zernike or pseudo-Zernike moments of the image are employed as a feature set. To retrieve similar shapes, we take into account visually salient features that dominantly affect the global shape of the trademarks and ignore their minor detail. Experimental results on a database of 3,000 trademark images demonstrate that the proposed method retrieves visually similar trademarks which agree well with human perception.

The purpose of this paper is to present a new data structure for viewing large size medical images. The data structure is specifically designed suitable for lossless compression and viewing images interactively even when the channel bandwidth is limited as low as those of modems. Our data structure has been tested on several 2 K/spl times/2 K images by using various baud rates from 9600 to 28800. The thrust of this paper is two fold. First, browsing large image data files through limited bandwidth channels requires progressive transmission. Using conventional data structures, 1/3 more memory space is required to build the hierarchical structure. Our data structure utilizing two-dimensional DPCM embedded with hierarchy does not require extra memory space to build the structure for progressive transmission. The second important aspect of the data structure is the local zooming capability of the data for interactive viewing. This is achieved by rearranging the transmission order of image data so that the data in the region of interest can be transmitted first with the rest of the information on hold to be sent later.