With an aging rural population and declining birth rates posing challenges to agricultural productivity, we propose an AI Agriculture Automated Guided Vehicles system (A3GV). It leverages machine learning for real-time image recognition, enabling the vehicle to follow a target. ROS serves as the software framework for sensor coordination, offering features like Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM), obstacle avoidance, and autonomous navigation. This system alleviates the agricultural workload, and its adaptability is enhanced through a collaborative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) setup. A dedicated mobile app enhances user experience by allowing remote vehicle control, mode switching, and autonomous navigation based on specific scenarios.

For the first time, a scalable load balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann TDM switch IC with SERDES interface circuits for high speed networking applications was implemented. AnyN×NBirkhoff-von Neumann TDM switch could be constructed recursively from the designed TDM switch IC to achieve switching capacity of hundred gigabits per second or higher. The TDM switch IC contained a digital 8×8 TDM switch core with 8B10B codecs and analog SERDES I/O interfaces. In the I/O interfaces, eight 2.56/3.2Gbps dual-mode 16/20:1 SERDES with CML buffers were developed. The 16/20:1 instead of 8/10:1 serializer and deserializer were used to reduce the required operating frequency in the switch core by half. New half-rate architectures and all static CMOS gates were used in the 16/20:1 serializer and deserializer for the low power consumption. A wide-band CML I/O buffer with our patented PMOS active load scheme was developed. All the implementations were based on the 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Test results showed a 20 Gbps switching capacity for the 8×8 TDM switch IC.

Masquerading and eavesdropping are major threats to the security of wireless communications. To provide proper protection for the communication of the wireless link, contents of the communication should be enciphered and mutual authentication should be conducted between the subscriber and the serving network. Several protocols have been proposed by standards bodies and independent researchers in recent years to counteract these threats. However, the strength of these protocols is usually weakened in the roaming environment where the security breach of a visited network could lead to persistent damages to subscribers who visit. The subscriber's identity is not well protected in most protocols, and appropriate mechanisms solving disputes on roaming bills are not supported either. To solve these problems, new authentication protocols are proposed in this paper with new security features that have not been fully explored before.

The authors propose an efficient scheme for key management, incorporating smart card technology and the master key concept, for both users and providers in multiservice environments over a large-scale network. This scheme has the following features. Every service can handle its own authentication and administration. Every user has a smart card with a single master key. The service keys can be regenerated within the card in a very secure manner. Users can also update their master keys by themselves without third-party intervention. As there is no need for storing any user password in the service center (except, perhaps, for a user PIN number), security is greatly enhanced.>