The specification of fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) describes the procedure of calculating the transport block size according to the amount of radio resources. The procedure first calculates an intermediate number of information bits and then quantizes it to obtain the transport block size. In the initial transmission, the transport block size should match the size of the application packet for some scenarios. In the retransmission, the transport block size should be exactly the same as that in the initial transmission. Thus, we are also interested in the inverse procedure: calculating the amount of radio resources according to the desired transport block size. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme to solve this inverse procedure. The key idea of the proposed scheme is to introduce an auxiliary variable: the critical intermediate number of information bits. Based on this variable, the amount of radio resources can be easily scheduled according to the desired transport block size. The spectral efficiency is improved and the transmission latency is reduced. Numerical results are also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

In some orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, a number of OFDM symbols form one subframe and consecutive subframes may be allocated to different users. The power estimation and the gain adjustment need to be carried out within the cyclic prefix (CP) of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe. After passing through the multipath channel, the CP of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe contains a portion of the power of the last OFDM symbol in the prior subframe. When these two subframes are allocated to distinct users with different received powers, the gain adjustment is inaccurate and the system performance is degraded. To combat the inter-user interference at the boundary of subframes, the CP of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe is proposed to include an adjustment portion (AP). The overhead of the AP is amortized over the OFDM symbols in a subframe and is negligible when the number of OFDM symbols in a subframe is large. A model is given to calculate the optimal length of the AP in this paper. The model uses an information theory to formulate the tradeoff between the accuracy of power measurement and the overhead of the AP.

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, a number of OFDM symbols form one subframe and consecutive subframes may be allocated to different users. Automatic gain control (AGC) is commonly employed in OFDM systems because the power of receiving signals can vary over a large dynamic range. After measuring the power of cyclic prefix (CP) of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe, AGC adjusts the gain before receiving the useful portion (UP). Otherwise, there is inter-carrier interference (ICI). CP length is usually chosen equal to the delay spread of the multipath channel. After passing through the channel, CP of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe contains the power of the last OFDM symbol in the prior subframe. When these two subframes are allocated to distinct users with different transmit powers, AGC gain is inaccurate and system performance is degraded. To solve this problem, we extend the CP of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe to include an AGC portion (AP). On the assumption that transmitted time domain signal is circularly symmetric complex Gaussian random variable, the required length of AP is also derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a gain of 0.0dB ~ 6.2dB at BLER of 0.1 over the prior scheme with 0.34% overhead.