Accurate object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images plays a crucial role in fields such as aviation, transportation, and agriculture. However, UAV images often contain a high proportion of small objects, and the limited resources of UAV platforms make it challenging for existing small object detection algorithms to balance detection performance and resource consumption. To address these issues, a lightweight small object detection algorithm called SRP-YOLO is proposed. Compared to the YOLOv8 network, the following improvements are made: first, a high-resolution detection head is designed; second, a receptive field attention convolution module tailored for small UAV objects is introduced to replace the standard convolution module, enhancing the detection capability for small objects and significantly improving their feature representation; Third, partial convolution is combined with C2f to replace some of the standard convolutions, fully leveraging the high-resolution information from shallow features. Finally, a normalized Gaussian Wasserstein distance (NWD) metric is introduced to reduce the sensitivity of intersection over union (IoU) to minor positional deviations of small objects. On VisDrone-DET2019, SRP-YOLO reduces parameters while improving [Formula: see text] by 7.9%. Generalization tests on TinypersonV2 and RAIVD confirm significant gains in small object detection.

COVID-19 prognosis using clinical tabular data faces significant challenges due to missing values and class imbalance issues. Existing methods often overlook the complex high-order interrelationship among clinical attributes and struggle with training stability on imbalanced datasets. We propose ACGM, an attribute-centric graph modeling network that simultaneously addresses missing data imputation and COVID-19 prognosis. ACGM consists of three key modules: an attributes preprocessing module (APM) for coarse-grained imputation initialization, a graph-enhanced attributes imputation module (GEAIM) that models high-order inter-attribute relationships through graph structures, and a graph-enhanced disease prognosis module (GEDPM) that leverages these complex attribute interactions for final prediction. GEAIM and GEDPM employ a mean-teacher strategy with attributes graph matching to preserve high-order relationships, enhance training stability, and maintain structural integrity of attribute interactions. Extensive experiments are conducted on four public COVID-19 tabular datasets, demonstrating the superiority of our ACGM over existing methods. Through comprehensive interpretability analysis, we identify that attributes such as LDH, Difficulty In Breathing, and SaO2 significantly impact COVID-19 prognosis, aligning well with clinical insights and radiologist assessments.

In implant prosthesis treatment, the surgical guide of implant is used to ensure accurate implantation. However, such design heavily relies on the manual location of the implant position. When deep neural network has been proposed to assist the dentist in locating the implant position, most of them take a single slice as input, which do not fully explore 3D contextual information and ignores the influence of implant slope. In this paper, we design a Text Guided 3D Context and Slope Aware Triple Network (TCSloT) to integrate the perception of contextual information from multiple adjacent slices and awareness of variation of implant slopes. A Texture Variation Perception (TVP) module is correspondingly design to process the multiple slices and capture the texture variation among slices and a Slope-Aware Loss (SAL) is proposed to dynamically assign adaptive weights for the regression head. Additionally, we design a conditional text guidance (CTG) module to integrate the text condition (i.e., left, middle and right) from the CLIP to assist the implant position prediction. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation, demonstrated that the proposed TCSloT achieves superior performance than existing methods.

In gastroenteroscopy image analysis, numerous CADs demonstrate that deep learning aids doctors' diagnosis. The shapes and sizes of the lesions are varied. And in the clinic, the dataset appears to be data imbalanced. However, existing methods directly classify by texture and ignore lesions with various shapes and sizes. To address the issue above, we propose a deep neural network, which consists of multi-scale feature extraction, contrastive feature learning and a multi-scale feature fusion module. We train the contrastive feature learning module and multi-scale feature fusion module simultaneously to alleviate the issue of data distribution differences. Thus, the proposed network can better identify various categories. Extensive experiments on the Hyper Kvasir dataset show that the proposed Hybrid-M2CL outperforms the benchmark proposed by the dataset with 5.0% Macro Precision, 3.3% Macro Recall, 3.4% Macro F1-score, 3.3% Micro Precision, 3.6% MCC. In addition, it outperforms the SOTA by 1.1% Macro F1-score, 2.6% MCC, and 2.0% B-ACC.

Adenoid hypertrophy is a common disease in children with otolaryngology diseases. Otolaryngologists usually use nasoendoscopy for adenoid hypertrophy screening, which is however tedious and time-consuming for the grading. So far, artificial intelligence technology has not been applied to the grading of nasoendoscopic adenoid. In this work, we firstly propose a novel multi-scale grading network, MIB-ANet, for adenoid hypertrophy classification. And we further propose a contrastive learning-based network to alleviate the overfitting problem of the model caused by lacking of nasoendoscopic adenoid images with high-quality annotations. The experimental results show that MIB-ANet shows the best grading performance compared to four classic CNNs, i.e., AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet50 and GoogleNet. Take$F_{1}$score as an example, MIB-ANet achieves 1.38% higher$F_{1}$score than the best baseline CNN - AlexNet. Due to the capability of the contrastive learning-based pre-training strategy in exploring unannotated data, the pre-training using SimCLR pretext task can consistently improve the performance of MIB-ANet when different ratios of the labeled training data are employed. The MIB-ANet pre-trained by SimCLR pretext task achieves 4.41%, 2.64%, 3.10%, and 1.71% higher$F_{1}$score when 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the training data are labeled, respectively.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and is usually diagnosed using colonoscopy and biopsy. Diagnosis of pathological biopsy requires professional knowledge and technology. Computer-aided gland and lesion segmentation systems have been proposed to help pathologists in diagnosis of CRC. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been a literature work trying to segment different levels of intraepithelial neoplasia in CRC pathological image. To reduce such a research gap, in this paper, we firstly collect a colorectal cancer biopsy histopathology whole slide image (WSI) dataset, named Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset, for algorithm evaluation. We further propose a PPC-UNet network to segment high level, low level intraepithelial neoplasia and normal tissues. The proposed PPC-UNet consists of two modules i.e., a UNet-based network for segmentation, and a pixel-to-propagation consistency (PPC) contrastive learning-based network for UNet encoder pre-training. As the important feature can be learned from the unannotated data during pre-training, our approach can consistently improve the Dice of UNet by around 2% when different ratios of the training data are labeled.

Cytopathology image analysis gives an important indication of the cervical carcinoma. Automation-assisted diagnosis has received more and more attention because of its high efficiency. Thanks to the development of artificial intelligence, supervised deep learning methods have shown promising results for cervical cell detection task. However, large amounts of labeled data are quite expensive and time-consuming for acquisition. In this paper, we propose a Classification and Localization Consistency Regularized Student-Teacher Network (CLCR-STNet) with online pseudo label mining to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data for semi-supervised cervical cell detection. Both classification and localization consistency regularization are introduced to ensure that the bounding boxes predicted by the student and teacher networks are consistent. Instead of sharing the network parameters with student model, our teacher model is updated using exponential moving average (EMA). Moreover, the teacher network is used to generate high-confidence pseudo labels for unlabeled data to provide student network with more supervised information. The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the supervised methods learned using labeled data only.

As the extended version of conventional Ridge Regression, L2,1-norm based ridge regression learning methods have been widely used in subspace learning since they are more robust than Frobenius norm based regression and meanwhile guarantee joint sparsity. However, conventional L2,1-norm regression methods encounter the small-class problem and meanwhile ignore the local geometric structures, which degrade their performances. To address these problems, we propose a novel regression method called Locality Preserving Robust Regression (LPRR). In addition to using the L2,1-norm for jointly sparse regression, we also utilize capped L2-norm in loss function to further enhance the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, to make use of local structure information, we also integrate the property of locality preservation into our model since it is of great importance in dimensionality reduction. The convergence analysis and computational complexity of the proposed iterative algorithm are presented. Experimental results on four datasets indicate that the proposed LPRR performs better than some famous subspace learning methods in classification tasks.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an endemic disease within specific regions in the world. Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for NPC and accurate segmentation of primary gross tumor volume (GTV) is a critical process of continue therapy. In this paper we proposed a ResSE-UNet network and a Ternary Cross-Entropy (TCE) loss function for delineation of GTV. ResSE-UNet employed ResSE blocks to replace convolutional blocks in the original UNet to extract better features, and reduced the number of down-sampling processing to keep relatively high resolution of the images. TCE combined dice loss and Binary cross-entropy loss for larger gradient and better stability in training. The experimental results showed that among all combinations of networks and loss functions, the ResSE-UNet with TCE loss achieved the best segmentation performance, i.e. about 0.84 DSC can be obtained.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers, which causes the second largest number of deaths in the world. Traditional diagnosis approach requires pathologists to manually annotate the gastric tumor in gastric slice for cancer identification, which is laborious and time-consuming. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning based framework, namely GT-Net, for automatic segmentation of gastric tumor. The proposed GT-Net adopts different architectures for shallow and deep layers for better feature extraction. We evaluate the proposed framework on publicly available BOT gastric slice dataset. The experimental results show that our GT-Net performs better than state-of-the-art networks like FCN-8s, U-net, and achieved a new state-of-the-art F1 score of 90.88% for gastric tumor segmentation.

Lung cancer is one of the most deadly diseases. It has a high death rate and its incidence rate has been increasing all over the world. Lung cancer appears as a solitary nodule in chest x-ray radiograph (CXR). Therefore, lung nodule detection in CXR could have a significant impact on early detection of lung cancer. Radiologists define a lung nodule in CXR as "solitary white nodule-like blob." However, the solitary feature has not been employed for lung nodule detection before. In this paper, a solitary feature-based lung nodule detection method was proposed. We employed stationary wavelet transform and convergence index filter to extract the texture features and used AdaBoost to generate white nodule-likeness map. A solitary feature was defined to evaluate the isolation degree of candidates. Both the isolation degree and the white nodule likeness were used as final evaluation of lung nodule candidates. The proposed method shows better performance and robustness than those reported in previous research. More than 80% and 93% of lung nodules in the lung field in the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) database were detected when the false positives per image were two and five, respectively. The proposed approach has the potential of being used in clinical practice.