In this paper, we present a wireless closed-loop neuromodulation platform dedicated to diabetes management through implants in various body locations, such as the brain, stomach, and pancreas. The system's key components comprise a System-on-Chip (SoC) featuring a maximum 64-channel neural recording block to explore both neural roots and muscles involved in diabetes emergence and interactions within diverse organs with superior spatial resolution, an energy-efficient Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) wireless transmitter, and an 8-channel stimulator for highly selective organ targeting. These capabilities are further enhanced by an edge-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanism for real-time analysis. Simulation results show a total power consumption of 31.16 μW per channel for the recording and wireless transmission units, while the stimulator, powered by an inductive link, offers adjustable output with a maximum current of 3 mA and a voltage compliance of 9 V. Additionally, AI implemented as a four-layer neural network (NN) model using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) on a wearable system achieved an accuracy of 98.06% in test sets.

This paper presents a small animal body sensing and tracking system for uninterrupted and long-term activity monitoring in standard homecages. The conventional camera-based systems are not scalable and cost-effective to cover multiple animal homecages in the racks in animal facilities. The proposed scalable design, comprising a thin layer of multiple resonators (sensor unit), overcomes the limitations of the camera-based systems. It consists of a reading coil and an array of six resonators, tuned at different frequencies ranging from 100 MHz to 180 MHz, generating multiple frequency bifurcations. The shifts/changes of resonance frequencies are proportional to the changes in the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment of the resonators. The animal body tissue influences these properties at frequencies higher than 100 MHz and can be detected by the multi-resonator array. We have modeled the proposed sensor unit and animal body using ANSYS HFSS software to optimize the design and characterize its performance (providing a 20 mm resolution: 150 pixels), including the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The proposed sensing design is implemented, and the experimental results show its sensitivity and capability to detect the animal body model (Saline model) and its displacement. The measured results have illustrated significant frequency shifts (from 200 kHz to 800 kHz) for mouse model displacement over the proposed sensor unit.

Multi-EnerCage-HC (mEHC) system is a wireless experimental arena for high throughput experiments on multiple small freely behaving animals simultaneously, which can significantly reduce costs by saving lab space and cutting the manual labor. However, since each homecage is encompassed with multiple coils, the cross-couplings among the adjacent EnerCage-HC systems cause operating frequency splitting, resulting in system performance deterioration. This paper presents a solution based on reactive resonant shielding to effectively attenuate the undesired cross-couplings, allowing the mEHC system to be more compact. Finite element analysis (FEA) and benchtop experiments have been carried out to verify the proposed shielding design in a prototype including two EnerCage-HC systems. The measurement results show that the proposed design reduces the cross-couplings by 94.4% compared to the case without shielding. This electromagnetic isolation between adjacent EnerCage-HC systems enables compact arrangements without performance degradation.

This paper presents a 2.4 GHz low-power CMOS On-Off Keying receiver front-end which contains a low noise amplifier with a novel down conversion mixer that is designed for wireless forward telemetry link in neural stimulation applications. The transceiver operates between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz to support the full industrial, scientific and medical band. The post-layout simulation results show that the fully integrated low-noise amplifier exhibits a gain of 15 dB, a noise figure of 1 dB at 2.4 GHz, and the input matching (S11) is -16 dB. The proposed mixer is resistor-less and designed based on current starved delay elements in a Gilbert topology. The transceiver implemented in a TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology uses a supply voltage of 1.2 V, supports a data rate of up to 100 Mbps, and consumes 7 mW. The total size of the proposed receiver front-end equals 0.38 mm2.

A novel technique for transferring data and power to biomedical implantable devices through an inductive link is presented. The data transfer technique is based on changing the duty cycle of the switching pulse of the class E power amplifier. Hence, we have called it Duty Cycle Shift Keying (DCSK). The modulator and demodulator of the proposed technique are simple and make it suitable for bio-implantable devices. The data rate to carrier frequency ratio can be as high as 100%. The proposed circuit is simulated by ADS simulator using the 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Moreover, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a test setup is implemented using off-the-shelf components.