Mixtral-of-Experts (MoE) has become one of the major model structures in LLMs because of its computational efficiency when scaling the model size. However, MoE model inference suffers from critical load imbalance issue caused by the sparsely and dynamically activated experts. In addition, current inference frameworks are oblivious to the real-time workload fluctuation, a common phenomenon in LLM serving. Therefore, the static model deployment of existing frameworks leads to severe performance limitations. To this end, we propose Dynamo-MoE, an out-of-box MoE inference framework to bridge the performance gap by dynamic parallelization strategies. Specifically, Dynamo-MoE integrates a novel load balancing approach based on token sorting and on-demand expert loading to solve the workload imbalance issue in the scenario of high workload (such as Prefill). Dynamo-MoE is also aware of workload varying to adaptively switch between tensor parallelism (for low latency in small batch scenarios) and expert parallelism (for high throughput in large batch scenarios). Furthermore, the model parameter redistribution overhead of dynamic parallelization is smartly overlapped through sophisticated pipeline orchestration. Compared to the SOTA framework vLLM (w/ and w/o EPLB), Dynamo-MoE achieves up to 6.75 × reduction for TTFT, 1.59 × reduction for TPOT, and 1.5 × improvement for throughput.

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) by improving factual accuracy and mitigating hallucinations. A typical RAG pipeline executes in three cascaded stages: retrieval, reranking, and generation. The existing serving systems suffer from two critical system-level bottlenecks when applying to RAG serving: the first is the cumulative latency caused by rigid sequential dependencies between reranking and generation, and the second is the system saturation triggered by bursty, high fan-in reranking workloads.

Sparse Matrix-matrix Multiplication (SpMM) and Sampled Dense-dense Matrix Multiplication (SDDMM) are important sparse operators in scientific computing and deep learning. Tensor Core Units (TCUs) enhance modern accelerators with superior computing power, which is promising to boost the performance of matrix operators to a higher level. However, due to the irregularity of unstructured sparse data, it is difficult to deliver practical speedups on TCUs. To this end, we propose FlashSparse, a novel approach to bridge the gap between sparse workloads and the TCU architecture. Specifically, FlashSparse minimizes the sparse granularity for SpMM and SDDMM on TCUs through a novel swap-and-transpose matrix multiplication strategy. Benefiting from the minimum sparse granularity, the computation redundancy is remarkably reduced while the computing power of TCUs is fully utilized. Besides, FlashSparse is equipped with a memory-efficient thread mapping strategy for coalesced data access and a sparse matrix storage format to save memory footprint. Extensive experimental results on H100 and RTX 4090 GPUs show that FlashSparse sets a new state-of-the-art for sparse matrix multiplications (geometric mean 5.5x speedup over DTC-SpMM and 3.22x speedup over RoDe).

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are fundamental to advancing computer vision technologies. As CNNs become more complex and larger, optimizing model inference remains a critical challenge in both industry and academia. On modern GPU platforms, CNN operators are typically memory-bound, leading to significant performance degradation due to memory wall effects. While recent advancements have utilized operator fusion–merging multiple operators into one–to enhance inference performance, the fusion of multiple region-based operators like convolution is seldom addressed. This article introduces AFusion , a novel operator fusion technique aimed at improving inference performance, and OptiFX, an automatic optimization framework based on this approach. OptiFX employs a cost-based backtracking search to identify optimal sub-graphs for fusion and utilizes template-based code generation to create efficient kernels for these fused sub-graphs. We evaluate OptiFX across seven prominent CNN architectures–GoogLeNet, ResNet, DenseNet, MobileNet, SqueezeNet, NasNet, and UNet–on Nvidia A6000 Ada, RTX 4090, and Jetson AGX Orin platforms. Our results demonstrate that OptiFX significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving average speedups of \(2.91\times\) , \(3.30\times\) , and \(2.09\times\) in accelerating inference performance on these platforms, respectively.