Small cells and heterogeneous network approaches in mobile networks are very promising as they provide an enhancement of capacity without a significant impact on the energy consumption when properly designed. Yet, recent studies have pointed out that the backhaul energy consumption cannot be neglected when a small cell deployment is introduced. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study on energy efficiency, cost issues and trade-offs for backhaul infrastructure when the influence of Radio Access Network (RAN) design and growth strategies are considered. For the case study, we use two well-known backhaul architectures, one supported on fiber-to-the-building (FTTB)+ 10Gbps passive optical Network (10GPON) and a second which consists of FTTB+ Microwave backhauling. The numerical results and analysis performed provide significant insights of the potential energy savings, CAPEX, OPEX and challenges for backhaul and RAN architecture design.

One of the important objectives of every telecommunication operator, when designing an optical network, is to provide a satisfying quality of service in the most cost-effective way to the final customer. As every network is frequently exposed to many different threats causing network disruptions, network recovery is the prime capability needed to achieve this objective. After a brief introduction on the existing reactive recovery methods we present a new method of proactive detection and explain how the method can be applied to some recovery schemes and discuss its benefits.

This paper addresses WDM optical packet rings which present a single control channel and multiple data channels. These rings are intended as transport networks in metro areas, i.e. are considered as replacement for the traditional SONET/SDH or Ethernet rings. These networks are thus expected to deliver a lossless and low latency service. In the considered transfer mode, time is slotted, traffic insertion is opportunistic and transit traffic always has priority over new traffic which ensures optical transparency. The present work assesses the impact on delay performance of the two configuration characteristics of these rings: scheduling mechanism and number of data channels. We compare two Max-Weight scheduling policies (Oldest Packet First, OPF and the originally proposed Largest Virtual Waiting Time First, LVWTF) with the commonly used, non Max-Weight, Round-Robin (RR) scheduling in order to assess the respective Fairness performances of LVWTF and RR. It is shown that unless the ring is heavily loaded, RR is as fair, or fairer than LVWTF. In the second part of the paper, we have analyzed the performance of an optical packet ring with uniform and complete traffic matrix configured with LVWTF scheduling. The mean delay performance is quantified, and shown to depend both on the number of data channels and on the number of nodes in the ring. In particular, it is shown that for a given number nodes, and a given load, the delay presents a minimum for a finite number of data channels, which shows that increasing resources (number of data channels) may indeed degrade QoS (delay).

In this industrial exhibit, Technicolor will showcase various technologies developed to protect digital audio-visual material all along the media value chain, from production to distribution, including forensics services in case pirated content is detected. The exhibit will be organized around Technicolor's proprietary technologies in video fingerprinting and audio/video watermarking.

This paper addresses the impact of traffic profiles on the efficiency and performance of synchronous optical packet rings. Synchronous optical packet rings are developed to replace the currently deployed circuit based MAN architectures. The studied system differs from the well known resilient packet ring in the sense that optical packets are not electronically processed when transiting through nodes; on the other hand, a wavelength is used as a control channel and is used by the station to identify the packets to be extracted from the data channels. The performance of the optical packet ring is studied both analytically and by simulation. Simulations have been carried out by developing a new MAC model for the network simulator (ns-2) package. Analytical modeling is based on a simple Geo/Geo/1 queueing model, in which the parameters are computed to take account of different traffic scenarios under study. In particular, we model both client/server (CS) and peer to peer (P2P) traffic, which allows the analysis of the impact of traffic profiles on the performance of the system. Traffic bottlenecks are identified in different scenarios. We show that CS traffic is penalized by P2P traffic. However, if P2P traffic is handled at the metro level, the optical packet ring can carry much more traffic than if P2P traffic transits via the backbone network, mimicking CS traffic.

This paper aims at giving a general and precise method to achieve a good understanding of discrete dynamical systems by focusing on their attraction basins. This work is the result of a previous one which has permitted to show that the structural changes introduced by fixed boundary conditions on regulatory networks could directly and strongly influence the properties of their attraction basins. In this paper, we give an exhaustive stochastic study protocol to understand what happens on attraction basins of dynamical systems when the latter are subjected to state perturbations. Then, we give an application of this protocol by giving the results obtained on a specific system which is a model of the Arabidopsis thaliana flower’s morphogenesis, depending on a specific boundary condition.