The Hyperspectral Imager SUIte (HISUI) is being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), which was successfully launched to the International Space Station (ISS) dated on Dec 5, 2019. HISUI Level 1G product is the orthorectified top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance product, and available free of charge from October 12, 2022. This research shows preliminary radiometric performance evaluation of ISS HISUI using satellite-based and ground-based data.

The Himawari-8 AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager) was developed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The Himawari-8 satellite was launched on October 7, 2014, and official operation started on July 7, 2015. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) provides Himawari8 AHI aerosol products processed by the retrieval algorithms, and these products have characteristics of high frequency. The ground-based instruments, POM02 sky radiometers, have been installed to measure the aerosol parameters over three validation sites in Japan. Obtained data are transferred to the SKYNET, which provides the aerosol parameters retrieved by using SKYRAD.PACK software package. This research shows the evaluation of HIMAWARI-8 AHI L2ARP, L3ARP Hourly, Daily, and L3ARP Monthly products using SKYNET data and the MODIS atmosphere L3 daily products (Terra and Aqua) for all three validation sites.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) was launched in December 2019 and started its operation observation from International Space Station in October 2020. HISUI data are being acquired based on data acquisition requests from HISUI project and principal investigators of HISUI Research Announcement. The total area of acquired HISUI data by December 2021 exceeded 110 M km2and the data are being used in various application studies. HISUI will be operated by FY2023. In this presentation, HISUI's instrument and operation status will be presented together with its early results in terms of geology and greenhouse gas emission.

The vicarious calibration for the Advanced Spaceborne Ther-mal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard Terra satellite had been conducted for more than 20 years. ASTER Level 1 products has started to be processed and generated by the latest ASTER radiometric database ver5 in 2021. We validated the latest ASTER VNIR bands (Band1, band2, and Band3N) radiometric performance using ASTER vicarious calibration experiments and the Radiometric Cali-bration Test Site (RadCaTS) results obtained for the period 2014 to 2019.

Radiometric calibration with the Moon (called the lunar calibration) is a promising method for evaluating the performance of instruments onboard satellites. In particular, the lunar calibration can provide inflight radiometric calibration opportunities for nano/microsatellites after the launch without any special equipment. In this study, we have conducted more than one year of Moon observations with a microsatellite named RISESAT. The performance of an onboard multispectral sensor OOC is investigated by using the ROLO and SELENE/SP Moon models. Our lunar calibration revealed the dependence of the sensor sensitivity on the instrument temperature, and no sensitivity degradation (< 1 %) can be confirmed for all four channels after the correction of the temperature dependence. Lunar calibration also revealed the bluing trend in the OOC’ s inter-band ratio, which indicates a 15% alternation in the sensitivity at maximum. This bluing trend was validated by the Railroad Valley Playa observations as comparing the Landsat-8/OLI data.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) was launched in December 2019 and successfully attached to Japan Experiment Module Exposed Facility, International Space Station. Due to data communication problems, its initial check out activities have been delayed, but its first light image was acquired and released in September 2020. HISUI data delivery to Research Users will start in 1Q of Japanese FY2021 (April - June 2021).

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) was launched on Dec. 5, 2019 and successfully attached to Japan Experiment Module Exposed Facility, International Space Station. Currently, initial check out activities are ongoing, and the first light images will be released around August, 2020. The distribution of HISUI Level 1 products will be started in the first half of 2021.

ASTER, which is a multi-band pushbroom sensor onboard Terra, has provided worthful multiband images for approximately 20 years successfully since Terra's launch in 1999. For such a long operation, maintaining accurate radiometric calibration is an important challenge to guarantee the reliability of the satellite products. In April 2003 and August 2017, ASTER observed the Moon (and deepspace) for conducting radiometric calibration with the Moon, which is called as lunar calibration. Through the lunar calibration, temporal variation of relative sensor sensitivity can be measured accurately (the order of 0.1 %), which is reasonably accurate to improve calibration results from other methods. The lunar calibration was performed to ASTER's visible and near infrared bands (Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3N) by comparing the observed brightness with simulated lunar brightness. 3, 5, and 6% sensitivity degradation were observed in Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3N of ASTER, respectively, which are basically consistent with vicarious calibration, though still further discussion is needed for combining calibration results from different methods.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future spaceborne hyperspectral Earth imaging system being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). HISUI will be launched and deployed on International Space Station (ISS) for two - three year operation from 2020. Manufacturing and testing of Hyperspectral sensor were completed. Integration and test of HISUI Exposed Payload System is being conducted. HISUI data policy and research announcement as well as synergy with other earth observing instruments onboard ISS are also being discussed.

Higher level products derived from satellite optical sensor data is affected by the accuracy of surface reflectance product. The HISUI will be launched to International Space Station (ISS) Japan Experiment Module (JEM) in FY2019, and surface reflectance product (L2G) will be also generated as research products. We have three validation sites for HISUI L2G validation in Japan, which are installed the automated facility systems for atmospheric parameters. This research shows the aerosol properties over validation sites in Japan on one of the HISUI calibration and validation activities.ppp.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future spaceborne hyperspectral Earth imaging system being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). HISUI will be launched and deployed on International Space Station (ISS) for two - three year operation from 2020. Manufacturing and testing of HISUI Flight Model were almost completed, and design of HISUI Exposed Payload System is being conducted. HISUI data policy and research announcement as well as synergy with other earth observing instruments onboard ISS are also being discussed.

The HISUI Hyperspectral Imager is being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), which will deploy on International Space Station (ISS) Japan Experiment Module (JEM) in FY2019. HISUI Level 2 surface reflectance product (L2G) will be also provided for each of the VNIR and SWIR bands as research products. We have a plan of HISUI L2G validation, which includes not only surface reflectance itself also the atmospheric parameters, especially aerosol properties. We already have 3 sites that measures the atmospheric parameters day by day. This research shows the aerosol properties over validation sites in Japan on one of the HISUI calibration and validation activities.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future spaceborne hyperspectral Earth imaging system being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). HISUI will be launched and deployed on International Space Station (ISS) for three year operation from 2019. In FY2016, manufacturing and testing of HISUI Flight Model and design of HISUI Exposed Payload System were conducted. HISUI data policy and research announcement as well as synergy with other earth observing instruments onboard ISS are also being discussed.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future spaceborne hyperspectral Earth imaging system being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). HISUI project is currently being promoted by three organizations each of which has a contract with METI together with several scientists from universities and national research institutes. Recently, it was decided to deploy HISUI on International Space Station. The current status of HISUI project will be introduced in the presentation.

The hyperspectral imager of the HISUI (Hyperspectral Imager Suite) project will be deployed and operated in the International Space Station (ISS) Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) in FY2018. The pre-launch calibration is conducted using a large integrating sphere traceable to the SI, and after the launch, the onboard calibration will be carried out using onboard calibration unit including a lamp. The vicarious calibration will be conducted over the dry lake sites located both in northern hemisphere and in southern hemisphere, and we may also use automated calibration facilities due to the effects of orbital characteristics for the ISS. The HISUI hyperspectral imager will be cross-calibrated using forthcoming hyperspectral sensors flying on ISS. The data associated with these calibrations will be archived in the Calibration Data Archive System (CDAS), and the HISUI calibration working group plans to assess HISUI radiometric performance and produces radiometric (geometric) calibration databases on CDAS, which are required in Level 1 processing.

Calibration and validation are fundamental for obtaining quantitative information from Earth Observation (EO) sensor data. Recognising this and the impending launch of at least five sensors in the next five years, the International Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Technical Committee instigated a calibration and validation initiative. A workshop was conducted recently as part of this initiative with the objective of establishing a good practice framework for radiometric and spectral calibration and validation in support of spaceborne imaging spectroscopy missions. This paper presents the outcomes and recommendations for future work arising from the workshop.

The HISUI Hyperspectral Imager is being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), which will deploy on International Space Station (ISS) Japan Experiment Module (JEM) in FY2018. The DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) is also a hyperspectral instrument developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), and Teledyne will integrate DESIS onto its ISS-based imaging platform, the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing (MUSES). This paper shows the cross-calibration and validation for DESIS and HISUI hyperspectral imager.

The Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future hyper-spectral and multispectral sensor developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). Radiometric calibration of satellite sensor system is very important for the higher level products with high quality. This paper mainly shows the vicarious calibration and cross-calibration for assessment of HISUI radiometric performance in HISUI Calibration Working Group.

The Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is the Japanese next-generation Earth observation project, and is being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). We conduct the vicarious calibration for HISUI instrument as the pre-launch activities in summer in the southern hemisphere. Recent our activities focus on vicarious calibration experiment over Lake Lefroy, which is a large salt lake in southern Western Australia. Cross-calibration for HISUI is also discussed. This paper shows both of vicarious calibration and cross-calibration for HISUI instrument.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a next-generation Japanese optical sensor that is composed of hyperspectral and multispectral imagers. Level 1 data processing is prepared to provide radiometrically and geometrically corrected data that act as standard data products of HISUI. Parallax correction is a key point of Level-1 data processing. Level 1G data product is orthorectified top-of-atmosphere radiance and is used as inputs for higher level data products. Atmospheric correction is one of higher level data products, which provides reflectance information.

We have developed a method for radiometric calibration of HISUI's hyper and multi-spectral sensors using a lunar reflectance model developed from SELENE SP data, which involves lunar surface reflectance and photometric properties. For evaluating the utilization of the model, we simulated a lunar observation conducted by ASTER of its three visible and infrared bands and confirmed the model describes lunar surface photometric properties correctly because correlation coefficients of observed and modeled radiance exceed 0.99 for all bands. Although absolute radiance shows some discrepancy between the observed and the simulated Moon in visible band, the model is, at least, useful to evaluate relative degradation of sensors.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is a future spaceborne hyperspectral and multispectral Earth imaging system being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). HISUI project is currently being promoted by three organizations each of which has a contract with METI together with several scientists from universities and national research institutes. The current status of HISUI project will be introduced in the presentation.

The Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) is the Japanese next-generation Earth observation project, which will be composed of hyperspectral imager (185 spectral bands in VNIR-SWIR region with 30 m spatial resolution) and multispectral imager (4 spectral bands in VNIR region with 5 [m] spatial resolution), and is being developed by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) as its third spaceborne optical imager mission after JERS OPS and Terra ASTER. HISUI will provide the earth observation data for global energy and resource issues as well as for other applications such as environmental monitoring and forestry. This paper shows the evaluation of cross calibration with vicarious calibration using EO1 Hyperion, ALI, Landsat7 ETM+, and Terra ASTER with vicarious calibration data.

The present paper describes the cross calibration of the Remote Sensing Instrument (RSI) onboard Formosat-2 using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) onboard Terra as a reference, which has been continuously calibrated by means of the onboard and vicarious calibration methods. The data integration system for multi-satellite sensor databases on the Global Earth Observation Grid (GEO Grid) is used in order to find pairs of images acquired by both satellite optical sensors over the radiometric calibration sites on the same days. Radiative transfer simulations that consider different imaging conditions using the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) code are performed based on the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmosphere and land products, and the optimum methodology for this cross calibration is discussed under the assumption of no ground-based measurements. The derived calibration coefficients are normalized by the values of preflight calibration and are compared with the results of in-flight cross calibration by the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) and vicarious calibration described in our previous paper. The average degradations of sensor sensitivity since preflight calibration until 2009 are estimated to be 10% (Band2), 11% (Band3), and 8% (Band4). The derived long-term degradation trends are almost consistent with the results of our vicarious calibration within the precision. The cross-calibration methodology used in the present paper facilitates the in-flight radiometric calibration of satellite optical sensors.

The hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing mission named HISUI is the Japanese next-generation Earth observation project that will be onboard ALOS-3. HISUI will be composed of hyperspectral imager (185 spectral bands in VNIR-SWIR region with 30 m spatial resolution) and multispectral imager (4 spectral bands in VNIR region with 5 m spatial resolution). To expand use of Earth observation data from HISUI, quality assurance and control of data products is indispensable, therefore, the long-term radiometric calibration has a crucial role. The objective of this research is to establish the techniques and develop the plans for conducting the in-flight radiometric calibration of HISUI with high frequency, reliability, and stability, based on the traditional in-flight radiometric calibration for multispectral sensors.

The ASTER on-demand processing service, which provides a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and orthorectified images was developed and deployed on the GEO Grid system. It is designed to support the latest algorithms for radiometric and atmospheric corrections developed by researchers as well as the geometric correction and other DEM processing options. The functions and options in this service are developed and implemented as modules, so that they can be arranged as the user requires. Although the system is an experimental, it can provide higher quality data sets than the standard products.

Leaf area index within vegetated surface and its fractional area to a target pixel (fraction of vegetation cover) are two important factors for estimation of cooling potential by green vegetation in the context of mitigating heat island effects. This paper explains a technique to retrieve these two parameters from satellite images utilizing three bands of visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared for better estimation of mitigation potential. The technique assumes linear mixture model with variable endmember approach in which endmember spectra of vegetation and non-vegetation targets are varied continuously by representing these spectra as a function of leaf area index and soil brightness, respectively. A numerical algorithm is examplained to unmix the variable endmember LMM. The proposed technique was applied to the data acquired by LANDSAT7-ETM+ to discuss its validity on retrievals of the two biophysical parameters.

Surface reflectance products obtained by satellite optical sensors are very important for understanding of earth surface properties. Land researchers often use the multiple satellite sensors' products for validation and scale-up studies. There are various surface reflectance products in each project of satellite sensors. Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are onboard the same platform, Terra satellite. One MODIS scene includes several ASTER scenes, and it is very useful for cross-calibration, validation, and scale-up studies. On the other hand, we have developed the system on GEO Grid, which can apply the same atmospheric correction algorithm in VNIR for ASTER and MODIS data. This system can generate rayleigh/ozone/water vapor corrected reflectance quickly by using other satellite atmospheric products. This paper shows the evaluation of our in-house products and ASTER/MODIS surface reflectance products (AST07 and MOD09GHK) obtained Railroad Valley in US.

Vegetation over land plays an important role to the carbon cycle, which influences global warming. It is necessary to measure vegetation amount accurately on global scale to understand the carbon cycle mechanism. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA; former NASDA) has successfully launched a new Advanced Earth Orbiting Satellite (ADEOS-II) aboard an H-2A booster on December 14, 2002. The ADEOS-II satellite is focused on monitoring of global climate change on the Earth. Unfortunately, the operation of ADEOS-II satellite has stopped on October 24 of 2003, but very important VNIR/SWIR/MTIR data have been obtained in northern hemisphere for vegetation dynamics by GLI sensor. These data have enough capability to monitor the density and vigor of green vegetation. GLI data has high potential for vegetation monitoring, and it will contribute to the future satellite sensor. 23 channels are dedicated for land observations in the two spatial resolutions ( 1km/250m ). MODIS sensor has also 1km/250m resolution and various land products, which include VIs. This paper shows the preliminary evaluation of GLI land products for vegetation monitoring using MODIS VIs product.

Relating two spectral vegetation indices (VI) is a fundamental issue for decades in the satellite remote sensing community. Recently, this issue has attracted much attention from varieties of environmental science communities in the context of data continuity by successive satellite sensors which may affect the accuracy of global circulation models. This work introduces a derivation of relationships between two VI's. The derived expression was numerically demonstrated by applying to the case of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) observed at different pairs of wavelengths. The result indicates a direction toward NDVI translations among past, current and future sensors.

The Kyoto & Carbon Initiative is an international collaboration initialised by NASDA in 2000 [1], set out to support dataand information needs raised by certain multinational environmental conventions and by global carbon cycle science, through provision of data products and high level information derived from ALOS, JERS-1 and ADEOS-II data. The conventions primarily in focus are the UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, to which fineresolution, multi-scale information about the status and changes in forests and wetlands will be derived. There is apparent synergy with terrestrial carbon cycle science information needs, where improved spatial information about carbon pools, sources and sinks at local, regional to global scales are of high priority. Support to the UN Millennium Development goal on water access, as well as to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, are

Utilization of satellite date from multiple platforms increases our chances of more frequent and accurate observations of the Earth's surface in both global and regional scale For the purpose of vegetation monitoring, this will be particularly true by combining the data from sensors of various spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions, e.g. the combinations of data from AVHRR (broad band), MODIS (narrow band) and ETM+ (higher spatial resolution). Even though the same spectral vegetation index can be obtained from these sensors, the two main issues need to be considered, one is the systematic differences caused by the spectral response functions, and the other is the differences in spatial resolutions. This paper investigates the spectral issue and its role in the spectral calibration of NDVI among sensors. Hyperspectral data from Hyperion onboard the EO-1 platform were used to simulate outputs from various sensors by band convolution. The data were initially corrected for Rayleigh scattering and Ozone absorption to produce the top-of-the-canopy reflectance as a starting point. The technique first designs a sensor-specific vegetation index (VI) and background brightness index (BI) by accounting for the differences in band-pass filters. These VIs and BIs are then used to estimate the common parameters (sensor independent parameters) attributed to vegetation amount and background brightness. Finally, these parameters are used for the translation of VI among sensors.

A simple deterministic technique of two-band spectral inversion is introduced to estimate a leaf area index (LAI) by minimizing the influences of canopy background brightness, which is known as a main source of uncertainties in spectral vegetation indices. The technique is based on vegetation isolines that characterize the behavior of canopy reflectance spectra under various background brightness conditions. Analytical expressions of vegetation isolines were used to determine the inversion formula and their coefficients by relating the LAI to the slope and offset of vegetation isolines. The main objective of this simple approach is to produce a quick estimation of biophysical parameter to translate vegetation index products among different sensors such as Terra-MODIS, NOAAA -AVHRR and GLI onboard the ADEOS-II satellite which is planned to be launched late in 2002. This paper explains an inversion technique based on the vegetation isoline equation and demonstrates its performance using the SAIL canopy model combined with the PROSPECT leaf model. The results show that the inversion technique accurately estimates LAI under the simulations regardless the soil brightness. Although the number of parameters used in the simulations was limited for the demonstration purpose, the results indicate the usefulness of this technique by combining the statistical approaches to constrain the possible combinations of vegetation parameters. The results also indicate the potential of this technique toward inter-sensor spectral calibration of standard vegetation indices by accounting the differences in band-pass filters.