Given the scale and rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, or 2019-nCoV), there is an urgent need to identify therapeutics that are effective against COVID-19 before vaccines are available. Since the current rate of SARS-CoV-2 knowledge acquisition via traditional research methods is not sufficient to match the rapid spread of the virus, novel strategies of drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2 infection are required. Structure-based virtual screening for example relies primarily on docking scores and does not take the importance of key residues into consideration, which may lead to a significantly higher incidence rate of false-positive results. Our novel in silico approach, which overcomes these limitations, can be utilized to quickly evaluate FDA-approved drugs for repurposing and combination, as well as designing new chemical agents with therapeutic potential for COVID-19. As a result, anti-HIV or antiviral drugs (lopinavir, tenofovir disoproxil, fosamprenavir and ganciclovir), antiflu drugs (peramivir and zanamivir) and an anti-HCV drug (sofosbuvir) are predicted to bind to 3CLPro in SARS-CoV-2 with therapeutic potential for COVID-19 infection by our new protocol. In addition, we also propose three antidiabetic drugs (acarbose, glyburide and tolazamide) for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Finally, we apply our new virus chemogenomics knowledgebase platform with the integrated machine-learning computing algorithms to identify the potential drug combinations (e.g. remdesivir+chloroquine), which are congruent with ongoing clinical trials. In addition, another 10 compounds from CAS COVID-19 antiviral candidate compounds dataset are also suggested by Molecular Complex Characterizing System with potential treatment for COVID-19. Our work provides a novel strategy for the repurposing and combinations of drugs in the market and for prediction of chemical candidates with anti-COVID-19 potential.

If we are to learn from history, then, as innovators in the field of educational multimedia, we might learn from past visions. Starting with the unimaginably ancient past (1985) and continuing through the present day, wepsilall note how a technology, once arrived, differs from its predicted form. Ipsilall suggest that as we move from the days of exploratory microworlds, through shared virtual reality, then into annotated reality, we see a drift away from abstraction toward media supporting the learner's direct experience with the world. The presentation will feature video and live demonstrations (including a self-measuring-football toss) illustrating my own work in this field during this period.

We describe the Sun 1 Small Programmable Object Technology, or Sun SPOT. The Sun SPOT is a small wireless computing platform that runs Java 1 directly, with no operating system. The system comes with an on-board set of sensors, and I/O pins for easy connection to external devices. We also describe SPOTWorld, an integrated management and code deployment tool for working with Sun SPOTs.

We examined records of minute-by-minute computer activity coupled with information about the location of the activity, online calendar appointments, and e-mail activity. We present a number of visualizations of the data that exhibit meaningful patterns in users' activities. We demonstrate how the patterns vary between individuals and within individuals according to time of day, location, and day of the week. Some patterns augment the schedule information found in people's online calendars. We discuss applications for group coordination (especially across time zones) plus opportunities for future research. In light of the popularity of instant messaging, this research identifies some of the benefits and privacy risks associated with the uses of online presence and awareness information.

We describe problems associated with accessing data resources external to the application, which we term externalities, in replicated synchronous collaborative applications. Accessing externalities such as files, databases, network connections, environment variables, and the system clock is not as straightforward in replicated collaborative software as in single-user applications or centralized collaborative systems. We describe ad hoc solutions that add to development cost and complexity because the developer must program different behavior for different replicas. We introduce a novel general approach to accessing externalities uniformly in a replicated collaborative system. The approach uses a semireplicated architecture where the actual externality resides at a single location and is accessed via replicated proxies. This approach allows developers of replicated synchronous groupware to (1) use similar externality access mechanisms as in traditional single-user applications, and (2) program all replicas to execute the same behavior. We describe a general design for proxied access to read-only, write-only, and read-write externalities and discuss the tradeoffs of this semireplicated approach over full, literal replication and the class of applications to which this approach can be successfully applied. We also describe details of a prototype implementation of this approach within a replicated collaboration-transparency system, called Flexible JAMM (Java Applets Made Multiuser).

We present a generalized definition of scrolling that unifies a wide range of existing interaction techniques, from conventional scrolling through pan and zoom systems and fish-eye views. Furthermore it suggests a useful class of new scrolling techniques in which objects do not move across the display. These “stationary scrolling” techniques do not exhibit either of two problems that plague spatial scrolling system: discontinuity in salience and the undermining of the user's spatial memory.

Article Supporting flexible roles in a shared space Share on Authors: Randall B. Smith Sun Microsystems Laboratories, 901 San Antonio Rd. MV29-110, Palo Alto, CA Sun Microsystems Laboratories, 901 San Antonio Rd. MV29-110, Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Ranald Hixon Sun Microsystems Laboratories, 901 San Antonio Rd. MV29-110, Palo Alto, CA Sun Microsystems Laboratories, 901 San Antonio Rd. MV29-110, Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Bernard Horan Sun Microsystems Laboratories, 901 San Antonio Rd. MV29-110, Palo Alto, CA Sun Microsystems Laboratories, 901 San Antonio Rd. MV29-110, Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCW '98: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative workNovember 1998 Pages 197–206https://doi.org/10.1145/289444.289494Online:01 November 1998Publication History 51citation815DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations51Total Downloads815Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

People interact together in all aspects of life and, as computers have become prevalent, users seek computer support for their interactions.The WWW provides an unprecedented opportunity for users to interact with each other, and the advent of JavaThfl has created a consistent computing environment to support synchronous collaboration.We describe JAMM, a prototype Java runtime environment that supports the shared use of existing Java applets, thus leveraging the existing base of software for synchronous collaboration.Our approach is based on a replicated architecture, where each user maintains their own copy of the Java applet, and the users' input events are broadcast to each applet copy.We discuss solutions to certain key problems, such as unanticipated sharing, supporting late-joiners, and replicating input sources other than user inputs (e.g., files, sockets, and random number generators).

Reuse is about more than sharing code. As technology, standards and ideas evolve: so do the artifacts available for reuse. Our understanding of the non-technical issues associated with reuse also progresses. This panel will look at reuse from 5 different perspectives. We will look at the reuse of design patterns and of services in a service-based, distributed architecture as examples of artifacts relatively new to the corporate world. We will also focus on the psychological factors affecting the success of reuse programs along with organizational modifications and measurement techniques that will help make reuse work. Lastly, we will take a look at how certain kinds of reuse can affect the success of a project at the user level, and what this might imply for measuring the effectiveness of our reuse programs. The audience will leave with some concrete ideas about how to implement and measure reuse program as well as new thoughts on what artifacts may be reused.

Manipulating programs is hard, while manipulating objects in the physical world is often easy. Several attributes of the physical world help make it comprehensible and manipulable: concreteness, uniformity, and flexibility. The Self programming system attempts to apply these attributes to the world within the computer. The semantics of the language, the efficiency and fidelity of its implementation, and the architecture of its user interface conspire to make the experience of constructing programs in Self immediate and tangible. We describe the mechanisms used to achieve this goal, and illustrate those mechanisms within the context of an extended programming task.

Morphic is a user interface construction environment that strives to embody directness and liveness. Directness means a user interface designer can initiate the process of examining or changing the attributes, structure, and behavior of user interface components by pointing at their graphical representations directly. Liveness means the user interface is always active and reactive-+bjects respond to user actions, animations run, layout happens, and information displays update continuously. Four implementation techniques work together to support directness and liveness in Morphic: structural reification, layout reification, ubiquitous animation, and live editing.

We designed an ecology of auditory icons which worked together to convey information about a complex, demanding simulation task, and observed users collaborating on it with and without sound.Our observations suggest that audio cues can provide useful information about processes and problems, and support the perceptual integration of a number of separate processes into one complex one.In addition, they can smooth the transition between division of labour and collaboration by providing a new dimension of reference.These results suggest that auditory icons can play a significant role in future multiprocessing and collaborative systems.

This paper presents an overview of the Alternate Reality Kit (ARK), an animated environment for creating interactive simulations. ARK is built upon a physical-world metaphor: all objects have an image, a position, a velocity, and can experience forces. Users manipulate objects with a mouse-operated “hand” which enables them to carry and throw objects, to press buttons, and to operate sliders.

Self is a new object-oriented language for exploratory programming based on a small number of simple and concrete ideas: prototypes, slots, and behavior. Prototypes combine inheritance and instantiation to provide a framework that is simpler and more flexible than most object-oriented languages. Slots unite variables and procedures into a single construct. This permits the inheritance hierarchy to take over the function of lexical scoping in conventional languages. Finally, because Self does not distinguish state from behavior, it narrows the gaps between ordinary objects, procedures, and closures. Self's simplicity and expressiveness offer new insights into object-oriented computation.