Contemporary search engines use a variety of techniques to personalize search results based on users' past queries. While studies have found that users generally prefer personalized search results to non-personalized ones, recent surveys also indicate growing reservations with respect to personalization because of its privacy implications. In this paper, we take a deeper look at privacy considerations of users during web search and explore how users' preferences for privacy and personalization interact when undertaking this activity. We conduct an empirical study over Google search, involving 25 participants in India and their respective web search histories. Our finding is that users exhibit a slight preference for personalization in their search results but are usually willing to "give up" personalization when searching for topics they deem sensitive. We discuss implications of these results for the design of privacy-preserving tools for web search.

Mobile-based branchless banking has become a key mechanism for enabling financial inclusion in the developing world. A key component of all branchless banking systems is a mechanism to provide receipts to users after each transaction as evidence for successful transaction completion. In this paper, we present results from a field study that explores user perceptions of different receipt delivery mechanisms in the context of a branchless banking system in India. Our study shows that users have an affinity for paper receipts: despite the provision of an SMS receipt functionality by the system developers and their discouragement of the use of paper, users have pro-actively initiated a practice of issuing and accepting paper receipts. Several users are aware of the security limitations of paper receipts but continue to use them because of their usability benefits. We conclude with design recommendations for receipt delivery systems in branchless banking.

Recent studies have highlighted user concerns with respect to third-party tracking and online behavioral advertising (OBA) and the need for better consumer choice mechanisms to address these phenomena. We re-investigate the question of perceptions of third-party tracking while situating it in the larger context of how online ads, in general, are perceived by users. Via in-depth interviews with 53 Web users in India, we find that although concerns for third-party tracking and OBA remain noticeable amongst this population, other aspects of online advertising---like the possibility of being shown ads with embarrassing and suggestive content---are voiced as greater concerns than the concern of being tracked. Current-day blocking tools are insufficient to redress the situation: users demand selective filtering of ad content (as opposed to blocking out all ads) and are not satisfied with mechanisms that only control tracking and OBA. We conclude with design recommendations for enduser tools to control online ad consumption keeping in mind the concerns brought forth by our study.

Reading text from document images can be difficult on mobile devices due to the limited screen width available on them. While there exist solutions for reflowing Latin-script texts on such devices, these solutions do not work well for images of other scripts or combinations of scripts, since they rely on script-specific characteristics or OCR. We present a technique that reflows text in document images in a manner that is agnostic to the script used to compose them. Our technique achieved over 95% segmentation accuracy for a corpus of 139 images containing text in 4 genetically-distant languages-English, Hindi, Kannada and Arabic. A preliminary user study with a prototype implementation of the technique provided evidence of some of its usability benefits.

We present Collage, a software application designed for classroom presentations for school teachers in the developing world. An in-depth investigation of teaching practices in several schools in India led us to believe that a simple tool that enabled the display of images and textbook materials while facilitating blackboard-like interactions would be very helpful for these teachers. Collage is a simple media viewer with a small number of features that enables teachers to prepare lessons with little overhead and then present them in classrooms with maximum flexibility. The tool was piloted in three schools in suburban India for use in real-world classroom teaching. All teachers who used Collage uniformly praised it, and students' learning of visual concepts seemed to improve through it. Interestingly, some teachers continue to use the tool now for their own teaching needs and have spontaneously shared it with colleagues from other schools.

This paper explores user authentication schemes for banking systems implemented over mobile phone networks in the developing world. We analyze an authentication scheme currently deployed by an Indian mobile banking service provider which uses a combination of PINs and printed codebooks for authenticating users. As a first step, we report security weaknesses in that scheme and show that it is susceptible to easy and efficient PIN recovery attacks. We then propose a new scheme which offers better secrecy of PINs, while still maintaining the simplicity and scalability advantages of the original scheme. Finally, we investigate the usability of the two schemes with a sample of 34 current and potential customers of the banking system. Our findings suggest that the new scheme is more efficient, less susceptible to human error and better preferred by the target consumers.