Rendering for Head Mounted Displays (HMD) causes a doubled computational effort, since serving the human stereopsis requires the creation of one image for the left and one for the right eye. The difference in this image pair, called binocular disparity, is an important cue for depth perception and the spatial arrangement of surrounding objects. Findings in the context of the human visual system (HVS) have shown that especially in the near range of an observer, binocular disparities have a high significance. But as with rising distance the disparity converges to a simple geometric shift, also the importance as depth cue exponentially declines. In this paper, we exploit this knowledge about the human perception by rendering objects fully stereoscopic only up to a chosen distance and monoscopic, from there on. By doing so, we obtain three distinct images which are synthesized to a new hybrid stereoscopic image pair, which reasonably approximates a conventionally rendered stereoscopic image pair. The method has the potential to reduce the amount of rendered primitives easily to nearly 50 % and thus, significantly lower frame times. Besides of a detailed analysis of the introduced formal error and how to deal with occurring artifacts, we evaluated the perceived quality of the VR experience during a comprehensive user study with nearly 50 participants. The results show that the perceived difference in quality between the shown image pairs was generally small. An in-depth analysis is given on how the participants reached their decisions and how they subjectively rated their VR experience.

The major tasks of Battery Management Systems (BMS) are to guaranty safe operation conditions and to maintain every single cell of the whole battery pack. These tasks require measurements and balancing processes for each cell. Especially new lithium ion cell chemistries reveal hard conditions on the BMS to estimate hardly measurable state variables like the State of Charge (SoC) or the State of Health (SoH). The capability to exactly estimate these conditions represents the fundamental requirement for the economical operation of the battery pack This paper describes a method to estimate the SoC for every single cell based on impedance spectroscopy measurements. For that purpose a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed running on an electronic control unit (ECU) of the BMS to determine significant parameters which offer the opportunity to estimate the actual SoC. In this paper the impedance spectroscopy is measured in the laboratory. Future work will include an measurement electronic on the BMS to determine the impedance in-situ.

The major tasks of Battery Management Systems (BMS) are to guaranty safe operation conditions and to maintain every single cell of the hole battery pack. These tasks require measurements and balancing processes for each cell. Modern BMS take advantage of the wealth of information to estimate hardly measurable conditions like State of charge (SoC) or State of Health (SoH). This paper describes a method to estimate the State of Charge for every single cell in a battery pack using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) running on an electronic control unit of the BMS. The verification of the developed algorithms on the control unit takes a long time on a real battery system. For that purpose a real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench is developed. In this test bench a LiFePO4 cell model was implemented by Matlab/Simulink®. So the developed and embedded algorithm can be verified by means of various test cases. In this paper the results are presented on signal level. Future work will include a HiL test bench on power level together with an cell emulator. Beside this the test bench offers the opportunity to develop models and sophisticated algorithms for further beneficial state variables like the SoH or the inner temperature of each single cell of the battery pack.

In this study, the electronic revision and recapitulation tools 2.0 (EREP2.0) were used to foster creative moments while creating aided recalls (ARs) (pictures electronic notes etc.). Creative and critical thinking is associated with vital skills which enable students to deal with often complex knowledge domains through an informal way of learning. Enabling learners to develop their own representations of information can be a first step to deal with complexity and to foster creativity. In an exploratory study, n = 25 students used EREP2.0 to develop learning questions and ARs for an ongoing course on biological psychology. EREP 2.0 was evaluated with respect to user friendliness, the fostering of creativity and the expected support for cognitive skills according to Bloom's taxonomy. The influence of students' experienced creativity on experienced learning support was tested via Kruskal–Wallis test. Fifteen students reported moderate to high, 4 students low and 5 students no support in creativity. Students who experienced their work as creative felt better supported in comprehension, χ 2(3) = 9.04; p = 0.029, and synthesis, χ 2(3) = 9.46; p = 0.024. No statistically significant effects were found for other categories of Bloom's taxonomy. EREP 2.0 did support the experience of creativity and thus synthesis and comprehension skills.