The current state-of-the-art 2D data visualizations fall short in capturing the intricate complexity and depth of available information crucial for integrated decision-making. In response to this limitation, the Systems Exploration and Engagement environment (SEEe) emerges as a cutting-edge virtual immersive analytics data experience. We developed this system through a user-centered design process involving an interdisciplinary design and development team. Through virtual reality, SEEe seamlessly integrates geo-referenced spatial data, abstract data visualization, and qualitative data encompassing text, images, videos, and conceptual diagrams to support sensemaking from large amounts of multiformat data and integrated decision making. We aim to redefine the experience of analyzing extensive amounts of abstract data by creating an environment that accommodates both quantitative and qualitative data for visualization and analysis. How these novel immersive analytics experiences fit into data analysis workflows in various domains have not been studied widely. We carried out a user study with 10 public health graduate students to test the usability, learnability, and utility of the SEEe experience and to explore how these immersive data visualization experiences can fit into traditional data analysis processes. While SEEe is designed to be adaptable across various domains, we evaluated its performance within the public health context. The results of the evaluation affirm that SEEe is not only usable and useful but also provides a learnable environment conducive to immersive analytics.

The introduction of Augmented Reality (AR) Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) in collaboration between remote and local workers, introduces new challenges given that camera views are now mobile. We introduce HoloMentor, an AR HMD-based collaborative system designed for remote instruction over live mobile views during physical tasks. Through Actionport, we provide a world-stabilized area where remote helpers can dynamically place a pointer and annotations on the physical environment. Through Actionpad, we provide an indirect input mechanism with an absolute position to the Actionport. We show how these innovations worked for participants engaged in a remote instructional task and how they supported effective and efficient communication. Finally, we provide the next steps for addressing AR on mobile views for remote instruction.

The availability of information in many languages on the Web allows multilingual searchers to search in multiple languages at the same time. Few studies have examined how multilingual web users seek information in two or more languages online, specifically how they switch languages in order to get satisfying search results. This research investigates native Chinese web users» code-switching (Chinese-English) search behaviors in their information seeking process through diary studies interviews. Results indicate that they usually switch languages when they need translation, search for domain knowledge, news and entertainment information, and academic resources, go online shopping, seek personal health information, and need social networking. Findings highlight when the participants need prompt information, they search in Chinese in order to get an immediate understanding. They seek information in English for better resources, which can offer them appropriate information and help them search effectively. We also find that these multilingual users use situational code-switching when the search tasks require them to switch languages in order to get effective and sufficient search results. The role of each language is different in the situational code-switching. When web users switch languages due to emotional or attitude changes associated with complex social or cultural context, they use metaphorical code-switching in order to get satisfying search results. The study aims to provide implications for website design concerning multilingual web users' code-switching search strategies, habits, and needs.

When self-tracking encounters clinical practices, the data is reshaped by goals and expertise that exist within a healthcare framework. To uncover these shaping practices, we provided a Fitbit Zip step-count sensor to nine patients with Parkinson's disease. Each patient wore the sensor for four weeks and then returned for a clinical visit with their neurologist. Our analysis focuses on this first clinical visit after four weeks of data had been collected. Our use of conversation analysis of both talk and action makes visible the practices engaged in by both collaborative members to 'craft a view' of the data toward shared decision making. Our findings reveal the deliberate guiding of attention to specific interpretations of the data through both talk and actions and we explain how our systematic analysis has uncovered tools for the mutually beneficial crafting practices of the clinician and patient.

Non-native English users search for information on websites that mostly present content in English. There has been increasing concern as to whether web users who speak non-native English languages can access information as effectively as native English users. Few studies have been done on how multi-lingual users search for information in two or more languages online, specifically how they switch languages in order to get satisfying search results. This research investigates the factors that impact native Chinese users' code-switching (Chinese-English) search behaviors when they seek information online and the challenges that users encounter. The methods of this research consist of two phases. In-context interviews will allow us to explore natural behaviors in the users' context in the first phase. Fifteen native Chinese participants will be recruited. A controlled eye-tracking study is planned for the second phase in order to examine different reading patterns of these bilingual web users and what web elements they focus on. Thirty native Chinese will be recruited in this phase. The research aims to explore when, how, and why users switch languages, and examine the role of languages that users select in online searches.

Increasingly, adults and children socialise and communicate online. Children's safe and secure online communication with people from all over the world can increase their understanding of other cultures, which is an important goal in today's multicultural world. Our research studied such interactions between children from three countries, Hungary, Mexico, and the USA. The goals of our research were to study how children represent their identity online and what the implications are for the design of children's online communities. We used qualitative methods to derive a deep understanding of children's behaviours and motivations. Our results show that children exposed their true and complete identities online. They focused on sharing and learning about personal, ethnic, and gender identities via online media and largely ignored cultural identity. They learned about children from other countries and developed positive attitudes towards them. Based on our results we describe design guidelines for children's online identity tools.

This study aimed at determining the user preferences and satisfaction concerning three-dimensional product representations in business-to-consumer electronic commerce. An experiment was designed and conducted on 20 college-age electronic shoppers to determine the user preference and satisfaction issues concerning two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional low-interaction (3DL), and three-dimensional high-interaction (3DH) product representations. A valid and reliable survey with 0.89 Cronbach's alpha internal reliability coefficient was presented to participants after they completed tasks on each product representation type. Results indicated that participants found the 3D representations (both low and high interaction) more detailed, easier and more fun to use, more accurate, and carrying more information than 2D representations. It was concluded that 3D representations in general resulted in higher satisfaction for the shoppers. Future studies can be conducted to determine the business aspects of different product representations as well as human information visualization and processing issues relating to product representations in electronic commerce.

Interaction history tools record interactions between users and systems, allowing users to annotate, edit, and replay their activities. Search history tools, a class of interaction history recorders, preserve search, browse, and other information-seeking steps. These tools include web browser histories and history lists in online full-text databases. Although search history tools were developed to support individuals in their information seeking, individuals often share their histories with one another collaboratively. This paper examines such sharing behaviors in two field studies of knowledge workers who routinely shared their individual search histories with their colleagues. While this practice is widespread, it is not supported by the design of contemporary interaction history tools. The results of the field research highlight core dimensions of this activity and inform considerations for the next generation of collaboration-sensitive interaction history tools.

The use of computers for human-to-human communication among adults has been studied for many years, but using computer technology to enable children from all over the world to talk to each other has rarely been discussed by researchers. The goal of our research is to fill this gap and explore the design and evaluation of children’s cross-language online communities via a case study of the International Children’s Digital Library Communities (ICDLCommunities). This project supports the development of communities for children (ages 7–11) that form around the International Digital Children’s Library (ICDL) book collection. In this community the children can learn about each others’ cultures and make friends even if they do not speak the same language. They can also read and create stories and ask and answer questions about these. From this evaluation study we learned that: (i) children are very interested in their counterparts in other countries and a remarkable amount of communication takes place even when they do not share a common language; (ii) representing their identity online in many different forms is particularly important to children when communicating in an online community; (iii) children enjoy drawing but representing stories in a sequence of diagrams is challenging and needs support; and (iv) asking and answering questions without language is possible using graphical templates. In this paper we present our findings and make recommendations for designing children’s cross-cultural online communities.

Abstract The authors describe user interface tools based on search histories to support legal information seekers. The design of the tools was informed by the results of a user study (Komlodi, 2002a) that examined the use of human memory, external memory aids, and search histories in legal information seeking and derived interface design recommendations for information storage and retrieval systems. The data collected were analyzed to identify potential task areas where search histories can support information seeking and use. The results show that many information‐seeking tasks can take advantage of automatically and manually recorded history information. These findings encouraged the design of user interface tools building on search history information: direct search history displays, history‐enabled scratchpad facilities, and organized results collection tools.

When performing packet-level analysis in intrusion detection, analysts often lose sight of the big picture while examining these low-level details. In order to prevent this loss of context and augment the available tools for intrusion detection analysis tasks, we developed an information visualization tool, the time-based network traffic visualizer (TNV). TNV is grounded in an understanding of the work practices of intrusion detection analysts, particularly foregrounding the overarching importance of context and time in the process of intrusion detection analysis. The main visual component of TNV is a matrix showing network activity of hosts over time, with connections between hosts superimposed on the matrix, complemented by multiple, linked views showing port activity and the details of the raw packets. Providing low-level textual data in the context of a high-level, aggregated graphical display enables analysts to examine packet-level details within the larger context of activity. This combination has the potential to facilitate the intrusion detection analysis tasks and help novice analysts learn what constitutes normal on a particular network.

This paper presents the Intrusion Detection toolkit (IDtk), an information Visualization tool for intrusion detection (ID). IDtk was developed through a user-centered design process, in which we identi- fied design guidelines to support ID users. ID analysts protect their networks by searching for evidence of attacks in ID system output, firewall and system logs, and other complex, textual data sources. Monitoring and analyzing these sources incurs a heavy cognitive load for analysts. The use of information visualization techniques offers a valuable addition to the toolkit of the ID analyst. Several visualization techniques for ID have been developed, but few usability or field studies have been completed to assess the needs of ID analysts and the usability and usefulness of these tools. We intended to fill this gap by applying a user-centered design process in the development and evaluation of IDtk, a 3D, glyph-based visualization tool that gives the user maximum flexibility in setting up how the visualization display represents ID data. The user can also customize whether the display is a simple, high-level overview to support monitoring, or a more complex 3D view allowing for viewing the data from multiple angles and thus supporting analysis and diagnosis. This flexibility was found crucial in our usability evaluation.

The work of intrusion detection (ID) in accomplishing network security is complex, requiring highly sought-after expertise. While limited automation exists, the role of human ID analysts remains crucial. This paper presents the results of an exploratory field study examining the role of expertise and collaboration in ID work. Through an analysis of the common and situated expertise required in ID work, our results counter basic assumptions about its individualistic character, revealing significant distributed collaboration. Current ID support tools provide no support for this collaborative problem solving. The results of this research highlight ID as an engaging CSCW work domain, one rich with organizational insights, design challenges, and practical import.

Because of unique temporal and spatial properties of video data, different techniques for summarizing videos have been proposed. Key frames extracted directly from video inform users about content without requiring them to view the entire video. As part of ongoing work to develop video browsing interfaces, several interface displays based on key frames were investigated. Variations on dynamic key frame "slide shows" were examined and compared to a static key frame "filmstrip" display. The slide show mechanism displays key frames in rapid succession and is designed to facilitate visual browsing by exploiting human perceptual capabilities. User studies were conducted in a series of three experiments. Key frame display rate, number of simultaneous displays, and user perception were investigated as a function of user performance in object recognition and gist determination tasks. No significant performance degradation was detected at display rates up to 8 key frames per second, but performance degraded significantly at higher rates. Performance on gist determination tasks degraded less severely than performance on object recognition tasks as display rates increased. Furthermore, gist determination performance dropped significantly between three and four simultaneous slide shows in a single display. Users generally preferred key frame filmstrips to dynamic displays, although objective measures of performance were mixed. Implications for visual interface design and further questions for future research are provided.

Article Bringing treasures to the surface: iterative design for the Library of Congress National Digital Library Program Share on Authors: Catherine Plaisant Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , Gary Marchionini Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , Tom Bruns Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , Anita Komlodi Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , Laura Campbell Library of Congress, National Digital Library Program, Washington, DC Library of Congress, National Digital Library Program, Washington, DCView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '97: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systemsMarch 1997 Pages 518–525https://doi.org/10.1145/258549.259009Published:27 March 1997 11citation597DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads597Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access