Friedl and Löh (2021, Confl. Math.) prove that testing whether or not there is an epimorphism from a finitely presented group to a virtually cyclic group, or to the direct product of an abelian and a finite group, is decidable. Here we prove that these problems are $\mathsf{NP}$-complete. We also show that testing epimorphism is $\mathsf{NP}$-complete when the target is a restricted type of semi-direct product of a finitely generated free abelian group and a finite group, thus extending the class of virtually abelian target groups for which decidability of epimorphism is known. Lastly, we consider epimorphism onto a fixed finite group. We show the problem is $\mathsf{NP}$-complete when the target is a dihedral groups of order that is not a power of 2, complementing the work on Kuperberg and Samperton (2018, Geom. Topol.) who showed the same result when the target is non-abelian finite simple.

We consider the problem of counting the copies of a length-\(k\) pattern \(\sigma\) in a sequence \(f : [n] \to \mathbb{R}\), where a copy is a subset of indices \(i_1 \lt \dots \lt i_k \in [n]\) such that \(f(i_j) \lt f(i_\ell)\) if and only if \(\sigma(j) \lt \sigma(\ell)\). This problem is motivated by a range of connections and applications in ranking, nonparametric statistics, combinatorics, and fine-grained complexity, especially when \(k\) is a small fixed constant.

SIGNIFICANCE: Research on the conditions under which electronic cigarette (EC) use produces a net reduction in the population harm attributable to combusted cigarette (CC) use requires the triangulation of information from cohort(s) of smokers, non-smokers, EC users, and dual-users of all varieties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This project utilizes data from the All of Us Research Program to contrast a panel of wellness and disease-risk indicators across a range of self-reported tobacco-use profiles, including smokers, current, and former EC users. This article focuses on the tobacco use history and current tobacco use status among All of Us participants enrolled between May 2017 and February 2023 (Registered Controlled Tier Curated Data Repository [CDR] v7). RESULTS: The present analytic sample included an unweighted total of N = 412 211 individuals with information on ever-use of both CC and EC. Among them, 155 901 individuals have a history of CC use, with 65 206 identified as current smokers. EC usage is reported by 64 002 individuals, with 16 619 being current users. Model predicted analyses identified distinct patterns in CC and EC usage across demographic and socioeconomic variables, with younger ages favoring ECs. DISCUSSION: Age was observed to significantly affect EC usage, and gender differences reveal that males were significantly more likely to use CC and/or EC than females or African Americans of any gender. Higher educational achievement and income were associated with lower use of both CC and EC, while lower levels of mental health were observed to increase the likelihood of using CC and EC products. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest the potential for the All of Us Research Program for investigation of causal factors driving both behavioral use transitions and cessation outcomes.

Domino logic circuits have become extremely popular in the design of today's high performance processors because they offer fast switching speeds and reduced areas. However, the use of domino logic introduces many design risks because it is very sensitive to noise, circuit and layout topologies. This paper identifies issues that might cause domino logic circuits to fail, and discusses some possible solutions to alleviate these problems.

As process technology scales down to deep sub-micron and the frequency of a high-performance processor increases beyond 300 MHz, coupling induced signal integrity problems become more severe. Ignoring coupling effects can lead to functional failures or speed degradation. As a result, the traditional approach of repeater insertion driven by propagation delay and slew rate optimization becomes inadequate. The authors propose a design methodology to select optimal repeaters for high-performance processors by considering not only the delay and slew rate, but also crosstalk effects. A concurrent decision diagram (CDD) is further suggested to achieve crosstalk constraints with various trade-offs.

Article Free Access Share on Hybrid dual-threshold design techniques for high-performance processors with low-power features Authors: Uming Ko Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, Texas Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, TexasView Profile , Andrew Pua Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, Texas Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, TexasView Profile , Anthony Hill Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, Texas Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, TexasView Profile , Pranjal Srivastava Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, Texas Texas Instruments Incorporated, P.O. Box 660199, M/S 8652, Dallas, TexasView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '97: Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and designAugust 1997 Pages 307–311https://doi.org/10.1145/263272.263362Published:01 August 1997Publication History 11citation116DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads116Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF