Apologizing or praising has various effects on people's motivation levels. One way to employ emotions in computerized environments is to present humanized messages like apologetic statements. In this study, a game offering apologetic statements for a group of subjects was used to understand the effect of apologetic statements in computerized environment. Findings have shown that the apologetic feedbacks made the subjects feel more respected, more comfortable, and more sensitive to their feelings. These findings confirm the legitimacy of the claim that computers' offering apologetic statements to the users can realize the real user-centered design.

Concept mapping, a graphical demonstration of a group of concepts embedded in a network of propositions, is a useful tool for promoting both the quantity and the quality of learning. To help students develop an integrated understanding of the structure and content of Taiwan's history, this project develops interactive concept maps which bridge high school history instruction and the digitized historical materials of Yeh Jung-Chung, who was one of the most important writers and preservers of Taiwan's early history. The system was designed to create an interactive learning environment, which allows users to customize both the degree of complexity and the selection of needed concepts to best fit their individual teaching and learning needs.