Existing research in association mining has focused mainly on how to expedite the search for frequently co-occurring groups of items in ldquoshopping cartrdquo type of transactions; less attention has been paid to methods that exploit these ldquofrequent itemsetsrdquo for prediction purposes. This paper contributes to the latter task by proposing a technique that uses partial information about the contents of a shopping cart for the prediction of what else the customer is likely to buy. Using the recently proposed data structure of itemset trees (IT-trees), we obtain, in a computationally efficient manner, all rules whose antecedents contain at least one item from the incomplete shopping cart. Then, we combine these rules by uncertainty processing techniques, including the classical Bayesian decision theory and a new algorithm based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence combination.

In this paper, a neural network based framework for semantic event detection in soccer videos is proposed. The framework provides a robust solution for soccer goal event detection by combining the strength of multimodal analysis and the ability of neural network ensembles to reduce the generalization error. Due to the rareness of the goal events, the bootstrapped sampling method on the training set is utilized to enhance the recall of goal event detection. Then a group of component networks are trained using all the available training data. The precision of the detection is greatly improved via the following two steps. First, a pre-filtering step is employed on the test set to reduce the noisy and inconsistent data, and then an advanced weighting scheme is proposed to intelligently traverse and combine the component network predictions by taking into consideration the prediction performance of each network. A set of experiments are designed to compare the performance of different bootstrapped sampling schemes, to present the strength of the proposed weighting scheme in event detection, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for soccer goal event detection.