Object manipulation is a fundamental interaction in virtual reality (VR). Efficient and accurate manipulation is important for many VR applications, especially collaborative VR applications. We introduce a collaborative method based on the manipulation guidance field (MGF) to improve manipulation accuracy and efficiency. MGF aims to guide users of different manipulation types to different manipulation viewpoints to efficiently and collaboratively manipulate objects. First, we introduce the concept of MGF and its construction method. Two strategies are offered to accelerate the MGF updating process. A collaborative manipulation method to manipulate objects using the guidance of MGF is then proposed. Finally, a user study (n = 36 participants) was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of our MGF-based collaborative object manipulation method in three scenes: (1) Livingroom scene; (2) WaveHouse scene; (3) Pipe scene. Compared to a control method without MGF, the results show that our MGF-based method has significantly reduced task completion time, position error, rotation error, and task load.

Object Manipulation is a fundamental interaction in virtual reality (VR). The efficiency and accuracy of object manipulation are important to provide immersion to users. We propose a manipulation method with adaptive gains to improve the efficiency and accuracy of object manipulation in VR applications. First, we introduce manipulation gains. We then design an experiment to collect user behavior during manipulation to determine fitting functions for calculating manipulation gain. At last, we design a user study to evaluate the performance of our distant object manipulation method with adaptive gains. The results show that, compared with the state of the art methods, our method has a significant improvement in the completion time, and the manipulation accuracy of the tasks. Moreover, our method significantly increases usability and reduces task load.