As spoken dialog systems like Siri, Alexa and Google Assistant become widespread, it becomes apparent that relying solely on global, one-size-fits-all models of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Entity Resolution (ER), is inadequate for delivering a friction-less customer experience. To address this issue, Query Reformulation (QR) has emerged as a crucial technique for personalizing these systems and reducing customer friction. However, existing QR models, trained on personal rephrases in history face a critical drawback - they are unable to reformulate unseen queries to unseen targets. To alleviate this, we present RecQR, a novel system based on collaborative filters, designed to reformulate unseen defective requests to target requests that a customer may never have requested for in the past. RecQR anticipates a customer’s future requests and rewrites them using state of the art, large-scale, collaborative filtering and query reformulation models. Based on experiments we find that it reduces errors by nearly 40% (relative) on the reformulated utterances.

This paper presents the design and implementation of the Cell Broadband Engine TM(Cell/B.E.) isolation loader which is a part of the IBM Software Development Kit for Multicore Acceleration [14]. Our isolation loader is a key component in realizing secure application boot and encrypted application execution. During the application load process, the isolation loader fetches, validates, and decrypts a Synergistic Processor Element (SPE) executable, establishing a chain of trust from the hardware to the application. Since not all applications are SPE executables, we also introduce a general solution. This is a verification service framework in which all applications including system functions can be verified by the isolation loader immediately before execution.We have applied several novel implementation techniques to the isolation loader. The countermeasure implemented in our isolation loader against the substituted-ciphertext attack is given and our staging technique to allocate contiguous working areas for applications is also introduced. The load overhead of this loader including application fetch, validation (RSA-2048/SHA-1), and decryption (RSA-2048 and AES) is less than 50 milliseconds on the 2.8 GHz IBM PowerXCell 8i processor. This overhead is reasonable compared with the 500-millisecond 2048-bit RSA signing needed by the Trusted Platform Module chips [3].

Successfully developing an implementation of entirely new chip architecture such as the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) processor from scratch is a notable achievement.Consider further the design complexity (234 million transistors) and the project management complexity (5 participating companies, work in 5 different time zones), and the task seems quite challenging.This paper describes how the central verification team staffed by Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (SCEI), Toshiba Corporation, and IBM, produced on first silicon a Cell BE microprocessor functional enough to boot an operating system and run applications.

This paper presents novel uses of functional interface specifications for verifying RTL designs. We demonstrate how a simulation environment, a correctness checker, and a functional coverage metric are all created automatically from a single specification. Additionally, the process exploits the structure of a specification written with simple style rules. The methodology was used to verify a large-scale I/O design from the Stanford FLASH project.