SUMMARY: For understanding complex diseases, gene-environment (G-E) interactions have important implications beyond main G and E effects. Most of the existing analysis approaches and software packages cannot accommodate data contamination/long-tailed distribution. We develop GEInter, a comprehensive R package tailored to robust G-E interaction analysis. For both marginal and joint analysis, for data without and with missingness, for continuous and censored survival responses, it comprehensively conducts identification, estimation, visualization and prediction. It can fill an important gap in the existing literature and enjoy broad applicability. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: TCGA data is analyzed as demonstrating examples. It is well known that such data is publicly available https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GEInter/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

This paper proposes an efficient SIMD architecture with parallel memory for 2D cosine transforms of multiple video standards. A novel parallel memory scheme is employed to provide conflict-free parallel access in both horizontal and vertical directions with the successive or even/odd mode, as well as to eliminate data permutation and matrix transposition. Furthermore, application specific instructions are presented to accelerate the transform kernels, such as butterfly and rotate operations with scaling, rounding and clipping. The simulation results show that proposed architecture achieves significant performance improvement with low hardware cost of 3.2K equivalent gate count for parallel memory subsystem (not including SRAMs) and 19.8K for arithmetic units@250MHz in 0.18 μm process.

An optimized linear skewing interleave scheme for on-chip multi-access memory systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme can support simultaneous access of multiple subarray types of data elements in a 2-D data space with modulo addressing. 2pq (pq is the number of data elements in a subarray) memory modules are used without redundancy to save the on-chip memory. It uses linear skewing in the horizontal direction and uses nonlinear skewing in the vertical direction. Fast implementation method for the proposed scheme is also described. Results show that compared to previous linear skewing schemes, the proposed scheme can reduce 13.6%, on average, of the on-chip memory for cases of pq = 4 or 8 and reduce 35.5%, on average, of the external memory bandwidth for benchmark of motion estimation due to modulo addressing.

JPEG2000 is a very promising still image standard because of its excellent performance. However, it also causes a higher complexity to implement. In practice, in JPEG2000 coding systems, an image is segmented into serial tiles and each tile is compressed or transformed independently, thus creating tiling artifacts in the tile boundary. At low bit rates, tiling artifacts in JPEG2000 images are annoying. This paper introduced a new post-processing method to reduce this artifact, where max-lift wavelet subband decomposition was used and then subband coefficients were adaptively filtered and soft-thresholded. The post-processing is done out of JPEG2000 image coding systems, so it has no compatible problem with the JPEG2000 standard. Experiments showed that the post-processing was effective to obviously enhance the visual quality of the JPEG2000 image at low bit rates.