We compared participant performance and brain activation changes during a syllogism-solving task with and without Euler diagrams, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our experiment showed that when Euler diagrams were present, (i) response times in the task were significantly shorter than those in the usual reasoning task comprising only sentences, and (ii) the magnitude of activation in the left middle frontal gyrus (near BA 10), left inferior PFC (near BA 47), and left dorsal PFC (BA 6) was reduced. Result (i) provides evidence for the occurrence of cognitive offloading even when participants handle information of both sentences and diagrams in reasoning tasks. Result (ii) suggests that complex processes of inferences can be replaced by simple diagram manipulation. It is argued that cognitive details that are not fully specified by behavioral studies can be made salient using neuroscientific methods.

This paper reports introducing software product lines (SPLs) into multiple divisions at Hitachi. For any divisions developing software for product families that have many variations, an SPL is the key to improving quality, cost, and development efficiency. To introduce SPLs into multiple business divisions from small embedded systems to large power control systems, we organized an SPL project across organizations. Throughout the project, we have successfully introduced SPLs into multiple divisions and identified common and useful activities such as evaluating legacy systems, training domain experts, and sharing experiences with SPL experts. We also report the lessons learned from our experiences about SPL adoptions.

One of the efficient design methodologies for large scale system on a chip (SoC) is IP-based design. In this methodology, a system is considered as a set of components and interconnects among them. The designers try to reuse existing IPs as much as possible. Communications among components have to be conducted using a common protocol, however, IPs available today use various communication protocols. Thus the protocol conversion is one of the most important topics in IP-based design (Gajski et al., 2000). In this paper, we propose a method for automatic protocol transducer synthesis which is applicable to complex protocols. The main idea of our proposed method is division of the exploration space into smaller ones for avoiding explosion of the exploration space, namely with a divide and conquer approach. We demonstrate our method by synthesizing transducers which translate between the real and complicated protocols with advanced features such as non-blocking transactions and out-of-order transactions.

We describe a computer assisted diagnosis algorithm of coronary calcifications based on helical X-ray CT images which are used at the mass screening process for lung cancer diagnosis. Our diagnostic algorithm consists of three processes: 1) we choose the CT slices including the heart region by recognition of the heart shape and the diaphragm, and we extract the heart region on each slice by the shape of the lung area and the body of vertebra; 2) the candidate regions of the coronary calcifications are detected by the difference calculus and thresholding process; and 3) to increase the effectiveness of the diagnostic processing, we cancel the artifacts included in the candidate regions by the diagnostic rules defined by us. We show here the result of our algorithm which is applied to helical CT images of 461 patients analyzed for lung cancer screening.

article Free Access Share on 5-Symbol 8-State and 5-Symbol 6-State Universal Turing Machines Author: Shigeru Watanabe University of Tokyo University of TokyoView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 8Issue 4Oct. 1961 pp 476–483https://doi.org/10.1145/321088.321090Online:01 October 1961Publication History 30citation617DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads617Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF