This article presents a user study showing the effectiveness of a linked‐based, virtual integration infrastructure that gives users access to relevant online resources, empowering them to design an information‐seeking path that is specifically relevant to their context. IntegraL provides a lightweight approach to improve and augment search functionality by dynamically generating context‐focused “anchors” for recognized elements of interest generated by library services. This article includes a description of how IntegraL's design supports users' information‐seeking behavior. A full user study with both objective and subjective measures of IntegraL and hypothesis testing regarding IntegraL's effectiveness of the user's information‐seeking experience are described along with data analysis, implications arising from this kind of virtual integration, and possible future directions.

This paper presents the results of a field experiment on online examinations facilitated by collaboration support systems. In particular, it examines collaborative learning and virtual teams through online examinations as an assessment procedure, compared to traditional examinations. Assessment is increasingly regarded as an important part of the learning process. Applying constructivism and collaborative-learning theories, the collaborative examination process features students' active participation in various phases of the exam process through small group activities online. A 1 times 3 field experiment evaluated the collaborative online exam compared with the traditional in-class exam, and the participatory exam, where students participated in the online exam processes without groups. Data analysis using results from 485 students indicates that collaborative examinations significantly enhance interactions and the sense of an online learning community and result in significantly higher levels of perceived learning

This research's primary contribution is providing a relatively straightforward sustainable infrastructure for integrating documents and services. Users see a totally integrated environment. The integration infrastructure generates supplemental link anchors. Selecting one generates a list of relevant links automatically through the use of relationship rules.

Many analytical or computational applications especially legacy systems create documents and display screens in response to user queries "dynamically" or in "real time". These "virtual documents" do not exist in advance and thus hypermedia features must be generated "just in time" - automatically and dynamically. Additionally the hypermedia features may have to cause target documents to be generated or re-generated. This paper focuses on the specific challenges faced in hypermedia support for virtual documents of dynamic hypermedia functionality dynamic regeneration and dynamic anchor re-identification and re-location. It presents a prototype called JHE (Just-in-time Hypermedia Engine) to support just-in-time hypermedia across third party applications with dynamic content and discusses issues prompted by this research.

The authors present the design of a tool for classifying office documents. They represent a document's layout structure using an ordered labeled tree, called the layout structure tree (L-S-tree), based on a nested segmentation procedure. The tool uses a sample-based approach for learning, where concepts are learned by retaining samples and new documents are classified by matching their L-S-trees with samples. The matching process involves both computing the edit distance between two trees using a previously developed pattern matching toolkit, and calculating the degree of conceptual closeness between the documents and samples. The experimental results show that the tool is capable of classifying various types of office documents, even with very few samples in the sample base.