In this article, a non-traditional hybrid energy system of a wind and a solar PV is proposed for electric vehicle (EV) battery charging. The wind system driven by a self-excited squirrel cage induction generator of 2.5 kW rating is combined with the solar PV system of rating 1.5 kW. The proposed hybrid wind-solar system will be used for the EV battery charging and also this system is tied to a grid with the help of a three phase voltage source converter (VSC). The output of the wind system is fed to a boost DC - DC converter after being rectified with the help of a diode bridge rectifier. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is tied with the DC - link capacitor across the boost converter to charge the EV battery. The battery can be charged with the help of either grid or any renewable energy source available via a bidirectional converter. The excess power after feeding to the battery is transferred to the grid whenever renewable source is available. The results are illustrated through the MATLAB simulation studies.

In this paper analysis has been done to study the digitization effect due to sampling upon digital implementation of Modified Hybrid PWM technique in multilevel inverter. A cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) is considered for the modulation technique implementation. Multicarrier modulation method of Modified Hybrid PWM is considered for the analysis of the digitization effect. For better understanding of the digitization a comparison has been made with the phase shifted (PS) PWM. The variation of total harmonic distortion (THD) with respect to multisampling factor (sampling to carrier frequency ratio) has been discussed at different modulation indices for the modulation techniques. It has been observed that the load current waveform become stepped in nature due to sampling effect of the digitization and this leads to the appearance of the lower order harmonic components, i.e., 3rd, 5th, 7thetc. in the frequency spectrum. The results are verified through the digitization of modulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.

In this paper a small scale wind energy conversion system is proposed for supplying power to households and charging electric vehicle (EV) batteries at remote locations. A squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is used to convert wind turbine output power into the electrical power. The output of the SCIG is rectified and fed into a buck converter. At the output of buck converter there is a DC link capacitor across which a bidirectional DC-DC converter and three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is connected. The VSI is used to feed power to the household loads. The bidirectional converter is connected to a swappable battery system having multiple batteries to be used for the EV. The batteries can also provide backup power when required. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental verification is done using a wind turbine emulator for varying wind speeds and loads.

Currently electric vehicle (EV) charging is done mostly using the grid. As the number of EVs will increase it can have various harmful impact on the grid. To reduce dependency on grid, a wind energy based EV charging station has been proposed in this paper. A 2.5 kW self-excited squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) based wind system is proposed for the EV charging. The output of the SCIG is rectified using diode bridge rectifier and then fed into a boost DC-DC converter. The dc link capacitor across the boost converter is connected to a bidirectional DC-DC converter for charging the EV battery. The bidirectional converter supports both charging/discharging of the battery. In addition a three phase voltage source converter (VSC) is connected to the grid. This VSC acts as a shunt power active filter used for compensating the harmonic components present in the current waveform due to the non-linear loads connected to the grid. The performance of the proposed system is tested through the simulations carried out in MATLAB for various wind speeds and also in the absence of the wind.

This paper proposes an unidirectional Boost Derived Hybrid Power Converters (UBDHC) which can drive both DC and AC loads from standalone Solar PV system and also it can be used to charge the batteries. Nowadays, most of the distribution systems have hybrid loads, i.e., both AC and DC loads. Since it is a solar PV based system so during day time we can drive both the AC and DC loads along with it charges the battery by using the solar PV power. The charged batteries can be used to drive the EV vehicles. This operation can be performed by using the single-stage power electronics converter called unidirectional boost derived hybrid converter (UBDHC). Modified unipolar sine-triangle PWM control technique is used to generate the control pulses to perform the inverter operation in the UBDHC. The shoot through state of the control pulses is used to drive the boost converter operation for DC output. In this paper the performance of the UBDHC has been evaluated for different combination of AC and DC loads, i.e., AC resistive/inductive, DC resistive and DC battery charging. The simulation studies of unidirectional boost derived hybrid converter are done through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

The power electronics based non-linear loads in low voltage distribution system (LVDS) has significant power quality problems. These non-linear loads are mainly voltage source harmonic loads (VSHL) dominating over current source harmonic loads (CSHL) in the LVDS. Shunt active power filters (ShAPF) have well established active solution for source current compensation. However, the ShAPF without the use of high input reactance at the nonlinear load has poor compensation capability for VSHL dominant systems. This prompted the use of series active power filter (SeAPF) for compensation in VSHL dominant system. In this paper, a new feeder impedance factor (FIF) has been proposed which is used to develop the control strategy for effective compensation. The performance of the SeAPF based upon FIF has been demonstrated through simulation results obtained in PSCAD simulation platform. The results are verified experimentally in the laboratory on model distribution system.

The electric vehicle (EV) chargers are going to be a vital part in the acceptance of the EVs. This paper proposes a two port DC fast charger based on Bharat DC001 standard. A two stage conversion is used for implementation of the proposed charger. This involves an AC/DC conversion by delta Vienna rectifier and conversion in the DC/DC stage by an unidirectional isolated DC/DC converter. The output has two DC ports which can simultaneously charge two EV batteries rated at 72V and 48V at charging level of 10 kW and 3.3 kW maximum, respectively, as per the Bharat DC001 standards. This paper discusses the control method used to control the charging rate of the batteries and simulation of the proposed controller based EV charger is presented through MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

This paper discusses a low power isolated DC microgrid system, which consists of solar PV as the energy source for feeding DC loads, and battery as the Energy Storage Stack (ESS) for system power management. Since, configured system is meant for low power applications; hence, optimization of the system controller circuitry and the electrical sensors used is an important aspect for consideration. In this paper, a novel single voltage sensor based ESS converter controller is proposed for the DC bus voltage stabilization and system power management. The proposed controller is capable of handling the power exchange with multiple ESSs using a single sensor only, as compared to the conventional controllers where the sensory requirements increases with the number of ESSs being integrated. The reduction in use of sensors leads to a simplified control circuitry and better system stability (due to lesser PI tuners). The proposed controller is less computation intensive that can be easily implemented by the low cost microcontroller. The effectiveness of the proposed ESS converter control algorithm for the isolated DC microgrid systems has been tested and verified on both simulation and experimental platforms.

In this paper a generalized current control method is proposed for the asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (MLI). The H-bridges in the inverter are supplied from the fixed ratio dc link voltages, based on number of levels. The current control algorithm tracks the reference current by controlling the switches of the lowest voltage NthH-bridge cell of the N-cell cascaded inverter. The method of triangular carrier comparison current control is used for tracking of the reference current at a constant switching frequency. The template based modulation is used for the remaining (N-1) high voltage H-bridges operated at a low fundamental frequency using stepped modulation. Comparative study is obtained between the symmetrical five level and, asymmetrical seven and nine-level inverters, with respect to reference current tracking and number of levels. The results are verified through simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC. The experimental verification of the results is obtained using FPGA implementation of the proposed control method using LabVIEW FPGA module programming.

This paper proposes a multiple-input configuration of isolated bidirectional dual active bridge dc-dc converter (MIBDC) for power flow control in combinational battery storage. It can be operated in an independent source or combinational source mode of operation to control the power transfer, with the capability of bidirectional power flow and smoother transition. The proposed configuration has the benefits of reduction in circulation power and peak current stress in an independent mode of operation, which enhances the efficiency of dual active bridge converter. It also offers a wide range of power transmission as compared to the conventional IBDC. The proposed configuration can also be used with unequal voltage level sources by connecting them in series on multi-input side. The operation and investigation of the proposed configuration are presented in detail. In addition, the strategy of power flow control with multiple-input sources is discussed. The operation of the proposed MIBDC has been verified through simulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC and experimentally demonstrated using ARM LPC 2148 processor.

The performance of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system mainly depends upon the solar radiation level and temperature. The total power generated by the PV array is affected by partial shading conditions and it gets decreased upon shading. In order to extract maximum power under partial shading condition this paper proposes a two-step, maxima of all peak power points (MPPP) algorithm for global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) using LabVIEW FPGA module. In the proposed algorithm the first step is to determine the value of solar PV array voltage at the global maxima of the P-V characteristics. The second step is a duty cycle control using perturb & observe (P&O) method. The proposed algorithm is executed to track the GMPP using boost DC-DC converter. The partial shading condition is detected by power threshold logic. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through Power Simulation Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) simulation software. For real time implementation a solar array simulator (SAS) E4260A, is used for laboratory generation of solar power. The GMPPT algorithm for SAS and duty ratio control for boost DC-DC converter is implemented on FPGA controller using LabVIEW platform.

In this paper, a closed-loop control of isolated bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is proposed using dual phase shift (DPS) modulation. The DPS technique can decrease reverse current flow, reduce current stress and improve the system efficiency as compared to traditional phase shift (TPS) control. The detailed operating waveforms of the DAB converter using DPS technique are illustrated. Moreover, the closed-loop control strategy of the DAB converter in forward and reverse direction of power flow is discussed. The simulation and experimental results validate the proposed technique. The DAB converter is suitable for power flow control between the two DC buses due to its bidirectional power flow capability.

A photovoltaic (PV) supported cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter can be used to transfer the bulk solar power to the grid. It is considered that the dc link of the H-bridges is supplied from the PV array. The five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter enhances the power transfer rating and improves the output quality with carrier phase-shifted method of current control. Under varying radiation level across the PV arrays the DC link voltages across H-bridges varies. As a result the total PV power generated also varies. A grid connected current control method is proposed which transfers the PV generated power into the grid which depends upon the radiation level. The proposed control is verified through Xilinx System Generator (XSG) platform for implementation of FPGA control algorithm and realization of multilevel inverter and PV system. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is also incorporated across each PV array and realized in XSG. The conversion stage of VHDL program from XSG based simulation is also discussed.