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ExDR: Explanation-driven Dynamic Retrieval Enhancement for Multimodal Fake News Detection

sigir26-124 · Full research paper · Guoxuan Ding, Yuqing Li, Ziyan Zhou, Zheng Lin, Daren Zha, Jiangnan Li
Multimodal Fake News Detection · 50% Evidence Selection and Context Refin · 25% RAG for Domain Applications · 25%
Abstract

The rapid spread of multimodal fake news poses a serious societal threat, as its evolving nature and reliance on timely factual details challenge existing detection methods. Dynamic Retrieval-Augmented Generation provides a promising solution by triggering keyword-based retrieval and incorporating external knowledge, thus enabling both efficient and accurate evidence selection. However, it still faces challenges in addressing issues such as redundant retrieval, coarse similarity, and irrelevant evidence when applied to deceptive content. In this paper, we propose ExDR—an Explanation-driven Dynamic Retrieval-Augmented Generation framework for Multimodal Fake News Detection. Our framework systematically leverages model-generated explanations in both the retrieval triggering and evidence retrieval modules. It assesses triggering confidence from three complementary dimensions, constructs entity-aware indices by fusing deceptive entities, and retrieves contrastive evidence based on deception-specific features to challenge the initial claim and enhance the final prediction. Experiments on two benchmark datasets, AMG and MR2, demonstrate that ExDR consistently outperforms previous methods in retrieval triggering accuracy, retrieval quality, and overall detection performance, highlighting its effectiveness and generalization capability.

Assigned reviewers

#ReviewerMatchWhy (closest evidence publications in the taxonomy)
1 Ruichao Yang
68
64 Towards Explainable Harmful Meme Detection through Multimodal Debate between Large Language Models (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
64 ExplainHM++: Explainable Harmful Meme Detection With Retrieval-Augmented Debate Between Large Multimodal Models (2026) Multimodal Fake News Detection
64 GOAT-Bench: Safety Insights to Large Multimodal Models through Meme-Based Social Abuse (2026) Multimodal Fake News Detection
2 Zhi Zeng 0001
61
57 Event-Radar: Event-driven Multi-View Learning for Multimodal Fake News Detection (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
57 Understand, Refine and Summarize: Multi-View Knowledge Progressive Enhancement Learning for Fake News Video Detection (2025) Multimodal Fake News Detection
57 Graphing the Truth: Harnessing Causal Insights for Advanced Multimodal Fake News Detection (2025) Multimodal Fake News Detection
3 Bo Wang 0069
59
65 Adversarial Active Learning based Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Fake News Detection (2020) Graph Learning for Text-Attributed and Heterogeneous Networks
57 Towards Explainable Harmful Meme Detection through Multimodal Debate between Large Language Models (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
57 ExplainHM++: Explainable Harmful Meme Detection With Retrieval-Augmented Debate Between Large Multimodal Models (2026) Multimodal Fake News Detection

Area chair

Area chairMatch
Yi R. Fung 0001 40
Area-chair candidates (7)
Yi R. Fung 0001 assigned 4010 papers
Xiaoxi Li 0005 4015 papers
Hongjin Qian 4012 papers
Jun Xu 0001 332 papers
Kam-Fai Wong 326 papers
Xiaoye Qu 3215 papers
Xiaoxue Zang 314 papers

Candidates from the panel ranked by match score

#ReviewerMatchLoadWhy
1 Ruichao Yang assigned 68 3
64 Towards Explainable Harmful Meme Detection through Multimodal Debate between Large Language Models (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
64 ExplainHM++: Explainable Harmful Meme Detection With Retrieval-Augmented Debate Between Large Multimodal Models (2026) Multimodal Fake News Detection
2 Zhi Zeng 0001 assigned 61 3
57 Event-Radar: Event-driven Multi-View Learning for Multimodal Fake News Detection (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
57 Understand, Refine and Summarize: Multi-View Knowledge Progressive Enhancement Learning for Fake News Video Detection (2025) Multimodal Fake News Detection
3 Zihan Ma 0001 60 3
57 How Do Social Bots Participate in Misinformation Spread? A Comprehensive Dataset and Analysis (2025) Social Media and User Modelling
57 Event-Radar: Event-driven Multi-View Learning for Multimodal Fake News Detection (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
4 Jian Lang 59 3
57 REAL: Retrieval-Augmented Prototype Alignment for Improved Fake News Video Detection (2025) Multimodal Fake News Detection
57 Enhancing fake news video detection with self-driven question-answer from LMMs (2026) Multimodal Fake News Detection
5 Bo Wang 0069 assigned 59 3
65 Adversarial Active Learning based Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Fake News Detection (2020) Graph Learning for Text-Attributed and Heterogeneous Networks
57 Towards Explainable Harmful Meme Detection through Multimodal Debate between Large Language Models (2024) Multimodal Fake News Detection
6 Huaiwen Zhang 52 3
57 Synergizing LLMs with Global Label Propagation for Multimodal Fake News Detection (2025) Multimodal Fake News Detection
57 Multi-modal Knowledge-aware Event Memory Network for Social Media Rumor Detection (2019) Multimodal Fake News Detection
7 Mariano Barone 48 3
64 SynthMed: Generating and Detecting Multimodal Deepfakes for Healthcare Communication (2025) Multimodal Fake News Detection
53 Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fact-Checking (2025) Automated Fact Checking and Claim Verification
11 Jing Liu 0022 38 3
45 Reinforced Informativeness Optimization for Long-Form Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
43 REAR: A Relevance-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Open-Domain Question Answering (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
12 Navve Wasserman 38 3
46 DocReRank: Single-Page Hard Negative Query Generation for Training Multi-Modal RAG Rerankers (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
46 REAL-MM-RAG: A Real-World Multi-Modal Retrieval Benchmark (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
13 Yujia Zhou 0002 37 3
48 Grounding Language Model with Chunking-Free In-Context Retrieval (2024) Generative Retrieval
48 CorpusLM: Towards a Unified Language Model on Corpus for Knowledge-Intensive Tasks (2024) Generative Retrieval
14 Yu-An Liu 0028 35 3
35 On the Robustness of Generative Information Retrieval Models: An Out-of-Distribution Perspective (2025) Generative Retrieval
33 Attack-in-the-Chain: Bootstrapping Large Language Models for Attacks Against Black-Box Neural Ranking Models (2025) Robustness and Adversarial IR
15 Ruqing Zhang 0001 35 3
48 Boosting Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Generation-Augmented Retrieval: A Co-Training Approach (2025) Generative Retrieval
48 CorpusBrain++: A Continual Generative Pre-Training Framework for Knowledge-Intensive Language Tasks (2026) Generative Retrieval
16 Tingyu Song 35 3
46 LimRank: Less is More for Reasoning-Intensive Information Reranking (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
30 Rethinking Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Evaluating and Advancing Retrievers in Agentic Search Systems (2026) Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval and Ranking
17 Weiwei Sun 0001 34 3
43 Direct Retrieval-augmented Optimization: Synergizing Knowledge Selection and Language Models (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
33 TourRank: Utilizing Large Language Models for Documents Ranking with a Tournament-Inspired Strategy (2025) Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval and Ranking
18 Chen Zhao 0013 34 3
46 SportReason: Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning across Tables and Text for Sports Question Answering (2025) Multi-Hop and Iterative Retrieval Reasoning
33 Distantly-Supervised Dense Retrieval Enables Open-Domain Question Answering without Evidence Annotation (2021) Dense Bi-Encoder Training and Representation Learning
19 Xinyu Ma 0001 34 3
43 Direct Retrieval-augmented Optimization: Synergizing Knowledge Selection and Language Models (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
37 Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for LLM-based Recommendation (2025) LLM-Derived Knowledge Infusion
20 Di Wu 0054 34 3
50 LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memory (2025) Conversational Search and Retrieval
43 Repoformer: Selective Retrieval for Repository-Level Code Completion (2024) Efficient and Long-Context RAG
22 Kaixin Ma 33 3
45 Chain-of-Note: Enhancing Robustness in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
43 Retrieval-augmented GUI Agents with Generative Guidelines (2025) Agentic and Deep Search RAG
23 Venktesh V 33 3
45 The Surprising Effectiveness of Rankers trained on Expanded Queries (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
45 Reproducing Adaptive Reranking for Reasoning-Intensive IR (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
24 Shu Zhou 0002 33 3
46 When MLLMs Meet ICH: A visual retrieval-augmented generation-based method for intangible cultural heritage image recognition-take Shadow Puppetry as a case (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
39 Calibrating Uncertainty with Cross-Model Consistency for LLM Hallucination Mitigation (2026) Knowledge Conflict and Faithfulness
25 Jinheon Baek 32 3
57 Knowledge-Augmented Reasoning Distillation for Small Language Models in Knowledge-Intensive Tasks (2023) Retrieval-Augmented and Open-Domain QA
40 Efficient Long Context Language Model Retrieval with Compression (2025) Learned Sparse Retrieval Efficiency
26 Xingyu Tan 0001 32 3
34 PRoH: Dynamic Planning and Reasoning over Knowledge Hypergraphs for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2026) Multimodal and Graph RAG
33 HydraRAG: Structured Cross-Source Enhanced Large Language Model Reasoning (2025) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning
27 Weipeng Chen 32 3
48 RichRAG: Crafting Rich Responses for Multi-faceted Queries in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
43 HtmlRAG: HTML is Better Than Plain Text for Modeling Retrieved Knowledge in RAG Systems (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
28 Farima Fatahi Bayat 32 3
33 FactBench: A Dynamic Benchmark for In-the-Wild Language Model Factuality Evaluation (2025) Automated Fact Checking and Claim Verification
33 Enhancing Language Model Factuality via Activation-Based Confidence Calibration and Guided Decoding (2024) Automated Fact Checking and Claim Verification
29 Weizhi Xu 0002 32 3
33 Bias Mitigation for Evidence-aware Fake News Detection by Causal Intervention (2022) Automated Fact Checking and Claim Verification
33 Adversarial Contrastive Learning for Evidence-Aware Fake News Detection With Graph Neural Networks (2024) Automated Fact Checking and Claim Verification
30 Andrew Parry 32 3
48 Constructing and Evaluating Declarative RAG Pipelines in PyTerrier (2025) Retrieval Toolkits and Reproducibility
33 Analyzing Adversarial Attacks on Sequence-to-Sequence Relevance Models (2024) Robustness and Adversarial IR
33 Idan Szpektor 32 3
37 On the Robustness of Dialogue History Representation in Conversational Question Answering: A Comprehensive Study and a New Prompt-based Method (2023) Conversational Search and Retrieval
33 TrueTeacher: Learning Factual Consistency Evaluation with Large Language Models (2023) Automated Fact Checking and Claim Verification
34 Keping Bi 31 3
47 Utility-Focused LLM Annotation for Retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
45 Beyond Relevance: Utility-Centric Retrieval in the LLM Era (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
36 Qinggang Zhang 31 3
35 You Don't Need Pre-Built Graphs for RAG: Retrieval Augmented Generation with Adaptive Reasoning Structures (2026) Multi-Hop and Iterative Retrieval Reasoning
34 Facilitating Generative Retrieval with Logical Denoising for Interpretable Conversational Search (2026) Personalized and Conversational RAG
37 Wenyu Huang 31 3
31 Masking in Multi-hop QA: An Analysis of How Language Models Perform with Context Permutation (2025) Multi-hop and Complex Reasoning QA
30 Prompting large language models with knowledge graphs for question answering involving long-tail facts (2025) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning