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Modular Representation Compression: Adapting LLM Representations for Efficient and Effective Recommendation

sigir26-157 · Full research paper · Yunjia Xi, Menghui Zhu, Jianghao Lin, Bo Chen, Ruiming Tang, Yong Yu, Weinan Zhang
Text Embedding and Representation Le · 50% Efficiency and Deployment · 50%
Abstract

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have advanced recommendation systems (RSs), and recent works have begun to explore how to integrate LLMs into industrial RSs. While most approaches deploy LLMs offline to generate and pre-cache augmented representations for RSs, high-dimensional representations from LLMs introduce substantial storage and computational costs. Thus, it is crucial to compress LLM representations effectively. However, we identify a counterintuitive phenomenon during representation compression: Mid-layer Representation Advantage (MRA), where representations from middle layers of LLMs outperform those from final layers in recommendation tasks. This degraded final layer renders existing compression methods, which typically compress on the final layer, suboptimal. We interpret this based on modularity theory that LLMs develop spontaneous internal functional modularity and force the final layer to specialize in the proxy training task. Thus, we propose Modular Representation Compression (MARC) to explicitly control the modularity of LLMs. First, Modular Adjustment explicitly introduces compression and task adaptation modules, enabling the LLM to operate strictly as a representation-learning module. Next, to ground each module to its specific task, Modular Task Decoupling uses information constraints and different network structures to decouple tasks. Extensive experiments validate that MARC addresses MRA and produces efficient representations. Notably, MARC achieved a 2.82% eCPM lift in an online A/B test within a large-scale commercial search advertising scenario.

Assigned reviewers

#ReviewerMatchWhy (closest evidence publications in the taxonomy)
1 Junjie Zhang 0009
48
71 Review-Enhanced Universal Sequence Representation Learning for Recommender Systems (2025) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
66 Tapping the Potential of Large Language Models as Recommender Systems: A Comprehensive Framework and Empirical Analysis (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
66 Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Rankers for Recommender Systems (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
2 Weipeng Chen
43
66 LongReD: Mitigating Short-Text Degradation of Long-Context Large Language Models via Restoration Distillation (2025) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
66 HGSVerb: Improving Zero-shot Text Classification via Hierarchical Generative Semantic-Aware Verbalizer (2024) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
41 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference (2025) Learned Sparse Retrieval Efficiency

Area chair

Area chairMatch
Xiaoyi Zeng 41
Area-chair candidates (4)
Pengyue Jia COI: co-author 4310 papers
Maolin Wang 0001 COI: co-author 4315 papers
Yankai Chen 0001 COI: co-author 416 papers
Xiaoyi Zeng assigned 4111 papers

Candidates from the panel ranked by match score

#ReviewerMatchLoadWhy
1 Yang Zhang 0072 51 3
66 Preliminary Study on Incremental Learning for Large Language Model-based Recommender Systems (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
66 Don't Start Over: A Cost-Effective Framework for Migrating Personalized Prompts Between LLMs (2026) Efficiency and Deployment
2 Bo Chen 0023 COI: author 51 3
72 DisCo: Towards Harmonious Disentanglement and Collaboration between Tabular and Semantic Space for Recommendation (2024) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
69 Efficiency Unleashed: Inference Acceleration for LLM-based Recommender Systems with Speculative Decoding (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
3 Junjie Zhang 0009 assigned 48 3
71 Review-Enhanced Universal Sequence Representation Learning for Recommender Systems (2025) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
66 Tapping the Potential of Large Language Models as Recommender Systems: A Comprehensive Framework and Empirical Analysis (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
4 Yupeng Hou 47 3
73 Towards Universal Sequence Representation Learning for Recommender Systems (2022) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
70 Review-Enhanced Universal Sequence Representation Learning for Recommender Systems (2025) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
5 Jizhi Zhang 47 3
66 Navigating Large Language Models for Recommendation: From Architecture to Learning Paradigms and Deployment (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
52 Is ChatGPT Fair for Recommendation? Evaluating Fairness in Large Language Model Recommendation (2023) Preference Alignment and Optimization
6 Yanzhao Zhang 47 3
71 Unsupervised Semantic Association Learning with Latent Label Inference (2021) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
66 Text Representation Distillation via Information Bottleneck Principle (2023) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
7 Jieming Zhu COI: co-author 46 3
63 Can LLMs Outshine Conventional Recommenders? A Comparative Evaluation (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
56 EASE: Learning Lightweight Semantic Feature Adapters from Large Language Models for CTR Prediction (2024) CTR and Conversion Rate Prediction
8 Huiqiang Jiang 44 3
66 Multi-Level Knowledge Distillation for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Text (2023) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
41 RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference (2026) Learned Sparse Retrieval Efficiency
9 Bowen Zheng 0005 44 3
51 Adapting Large Language Models by Integrating Collaborative Semantics for Recommendation (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
42 Generative Recommender with End-to-End Learnable Item Tokenization (2025) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
10 Weipeng Chen assigned 43 3
66 LongReD: Mitigating Short-Text Degradation of Long-Context Large Language Models via Restoration Distillation (2025) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
66 HGSVerb: Improving Zero-shot Text Classification via Hierarchical Generative Semantic-Aware Verbalizer (2024) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
11 Huifeng Guo COI: co-author 43 3
67 LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
63 Prompt Tuning as User Inherent Profile Inference Machine (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
12 Zhengyi Yang 0007 43 3
51 Large Language Model Can Interpret Latent Space of Sequential Recommender (2026) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
46 A Bi-Step Grounding Paradigm for Large Language Models in Recommendation Systems (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
14 Jiancan Wu COI: co-author 43 3
45 Large Language Model Can Interpret Latent Space of Sequential Recommender (2026) Sequential and Session-based Recommendation
45 LLaRA: Large Language-Recommendation Assistant (2024) Sequential and Session-based Recommendation
16 Bo Peng 0009 43 3
66 eCeLLM: Generalizing Large Language Models for E-commerce from Large-scale, High-quality Instruction Data (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
41 M2: Mixed Models With Preferences, Popularities and Transitions for Next-Basket Recommendation (2023) Efficient and Long-Sequence Sequential Recommendation
17 Ziru Liu COI: co-author 42 3
66 Learning Empirical Bregman Divergence for Uncertain Distance Representation (2023) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
38 Diff-MSR: A Diffusion Model Enhanced Paradigm for Cold-Start Multi-Scenario Recommendation (2024) Diffusion and Flow Recommenders
18 Qijiong Liu COI: co-author 42 3
64 Can LLMs Outshine Conventional Recommenders? A Comparative Evaluation (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
45 CoST: Contrastive Quantization based Semantic Tokenization for Generative Recommendation (2024) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
19 Han Li 0005 COI: co-author 42 3
72 LEARN: Knowledge Adaptation from Large Language Model to Recommendation for Practical Industrial Application (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
42 Generative Recommender with End-to-End Learnable Item Tokenization (2025) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
20 Wei Guo 0006 COI: co-author 42 3
63 Can LLMs Outshine Conventional Recommenders? A Comparative Evaluation (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
40 Intent-aware Multi-source Contrastive Alignment for Tag-enhanced Recommendation (2023) Graph Contrastive and Self-Supervised Learning
21 Hao Liu 0078 42 3
52 WeaveRec: An LLM-Based Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation Framework with Model Merging (2026) Efficiency and Deployment
39 Mitigating Distribution Shifts in Sequential Recommendation: An Invariance Perspective (2025) Contrastive and Self-Supervised Sequential Recommendation
22 Yongqi Li 0001 42 3
66 EARN: Efficient Inference Acceleration for LLM-based Generative Recommendation by Register Tokens (2025) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
66 Efficient Inference for Large Language Model-based Generative Recommendation (2025) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
23 Lichan Hong 42 3
63 Balancing Fine-tuning and RAG: A Hybrid Strategy for Dynamic LLM Recommendation Updates (2025) RAG for Domain Applications
46 PLUM: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for Industrial-scale Generative Recommendations (2026) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
24 Hao Deng 0011 42 3
45 HeterRec: Heterogeneous Information Transformer for Scalable Sequential Recommendation (2025) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
43 CSMF: Cascaded Selective Mask Fine-Tuning for Multi-Objective Embedding-Based Retrieval (2025) Multi-Task and Multi-Objective Optimization
25 Junwei Pan 42 3
58 Incremental Learning for LLM-based Tokenization and Recommendation (2025) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
48 Pre-train, Align, and Disentangle: Empowering Sequential Recommendation with Large Language Models (2025) Sequential and Session-based Recommendation
26 Wei Wei 0027 42 3
73 Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Recommendation (2024) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
44 SSLRec: A Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Recommendation (2024) Recommendation Systems and Evaluation
27 Chongming Gao COI: co-author 41 3
66 Don't Start Over: A Cost-Effective Framework for Migrating Personalized Prompts Between LLMs (2026) Efficiency and Deployment
47 DLCRec: A Novel Approach for Managing Diversity in LLM-Based Recommender Systems (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
28 Lianghao Xia 41 3
45 Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Recommendation (2024) Collaborative-Semantic Representation Alignment
44 RecLM: Recommendation Instruction Tuning (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
29 Yinwei Wei 41 3
66 Data-efficient Fine-tuning for LLM-based Recommendation (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
38 Online Distillation-enhanced Multi-modal Transformer for Sequential Recommendation (2023) Graph Contrastive and Self-Supervised Learning
30 Xubin Ren 41 3
74 Representation Learning with Large Language Models for Recommendation (2024) Text Embedding and Representation Learning
45 LLMRec: Large Language Models with Graph Augmentation for Recommendation (2024) LLM-Derived Knowledge Infusion
32 Min Hou 0004 COI: co-author 41 3
64 RecCocktail: A Generalizable and Efficient Framework for LLM-Based Recommendation (2026) Preference Alignment and Optimization
51 WeaveRec: An LLM-Based Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation Framework with Model Merging (2026) Efficiency and Deployment
34 Ed H. Chi 41 3
57 PLUM: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for Industrial-scale Generative Recommendations (2026) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
50 Balancing Fine-tuning and RAG: A Hybrid Strategy for Dynamic LLM Recommendation Updates (2025) RAG for Domain Applications