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Adaptive Mix Preference Optimization for Generative Recommendation

sigir26-202 · Full research paper · Junbo Qi, Yanyan Zou, Xuanhua Yang, Sulong Xu, Y W Sun, Shengjie Li
Generative Retrieval and Recommendat · 25% Knowledge Infusion and Open-World Au · 25% Generative Recommendation and Item T · 25% Preference Alignment and Optimizatio · 25%
Abstract

Recommender systems aim to leverage user interaction signals to recommend items that users are likely to be interested in. Motivated by the success of Large Language Model (LLMs), generative recommendation (GR) has recently gained increasing attention, typically following a two-stage paradigm: supervised fine-tuning followed by preference alignment. However, aligning generative recommenders with users' personalized preferences remains challenging, as user feedback is inherently heterogeneous and uncertain. Different types of user interaction signals reflect varying levels of intent and should therefore be modeled differently. In this work, we propose Adaptive Mix Preference Optimization (AMPO), an adaptive alignment framework that mixes likelihood and preference objectives with self-calibrated, sample-wise confidence adjustment. AMPO introduces an adaptive target margin that leverages the model's own probability ratio to modulate optimization strength: confident pairs receive full margins that reinforce correct rankings, while uncertain pairs receive reduced margins that prevent overfitting to ambiguous signals. Additionally, AMPO incorporates negative log-likelihood regularization on preferred items to counteract likelihood displacement, a phenomenon where contrastive objectives cause preferred and non-preferred probabilities to collapse simultaneously. Such a design eliminates the need for a reference model, yielding up to 2.5x speedup and 35% memory reduction. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks and a large-scale industrial dataset demonstrate consistent improvements in ranking metrics. Online A/B tests on a major e-commerce platform further confirm statistically significant gains in click-through and conversion rates. The code is available at https://github.com/jumbo-q/ampo.

Assigned reviewers

#ReviewerMatchWhy (closest evidence publications in the taxonomy)
1 Jizhi Zhang
61
64 Decoding Matters: Addressing Amplification Bias and Homogeneity Issue in Recommendations for Large Language Models (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
62 Learnable Item Tokenization for Generative Recommendation (2024) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
61 TALLRec: An Effective and Efficient Tuning Framework to Align Large Language Model with Recommendation (2023) Preference Alignment and Optimization
2 Jiancan Wu
58
61 Towards Robust Alignment of Language Models: Distributionally Robustifying Direct Preference Optimization (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
61 Larger or Smaller Reward Margins to Select Preferences for LLM Alignment? (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
61 AlphaDPO: Adaptive Reward Margin for Direct Preference Optimization (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
3 Keqin Bao
51
64 Decoding Matters: Addressing Amplification Bias and Homogeneity Issue in Recommendations for Large Language Models (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
64 A Bi-Step Grounding Paradigm for Large Language Models in Recommendation Systems (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
61 TALLRec: An Effective and Efficient Tuning Framework to Align Large Language Model with Recommendation (2023) Preference Alignment and Optimization

Area chair

Area chairMatch
Kun Gai 49
Area-chair candidates (4)
Kun Gai assigned 495 papers
Xiaoyi Zeng 4911 papers
Maolin Wang 0001 4815 papers
Pengyue Jia 4810 papers

Candidates from the panel ranked by match score

#ReviewerMatchLoadWhy
1 Zhengyi Yang 0007 66 3
64 A Bi-Step Grounding Paradigm for Large Language Models in Recommendation Systems (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
61 On Softmax Direct Preference Optimization for Recommendation (2024) Preference Alignment and Optimization
2 Jizhi Zhang assigned 61 3
64 Decoding Matters: Addressing Amplification Bias and Homogeneity Issue in Recommendations for Large Language Models (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
62 Learnable Item Tokenization for Generative Recommendation (2024) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
3 Yang Zhang 0072 61 3
64 IGD: Token Decisiveness Modeling via Information Gain in LLMs for Personalized Recommendation (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
64 Decoding Matters: Addressing Amplification Bias and Homogeneity Issue in Recommendations for Large Language Models (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
4 Chongming Gao COI: co-author 60 3
75 DLCRec: A Novel Approach for Managing Diversity in LLM-Based Recommender Systems (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
75 MGFRec: Towards Reinforced Reasoning Recommendation with Multiple Groundings and Feedback (2026) Preference Alignment and Optimization
5 Bo Chen 0023 59 3
66 Large language models make sample-efficient recommender systems (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
66 How Can Recommender Systems Benefit from Large Language Models: A Survey (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
6 Xuanhua Yang COI: author 58 3
79 Breaking the Relevance-Diversity Seesaw: Hierarchical LLM Reasoning with RL for Industrial Novelty Recommendation (2026) Preference Alignment and Optimization
74 GenRec: A Preference-Oriented Generative Framework for Large-Scale Recommendation (2026) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
7 Jiancan Wu assigned 58 3
61 Towards Robust Alignment of Language Models: Distributionally Robustifying Direct Preference Optimization (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
61 Larger or Smaller Reward Margins to Select Preferences for LLM Alignment? (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
8 Jieming Zhu 57 3
75 EAGER-LLM: Enhancing Large Language Models as Recommenders through Exogenous Behavior-Semantic Integration (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
66 Can LLMs Outshine Conventional Recommenders? A Comparative Evaluation (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
9 Bowen Zheng 0005 56 3
61 Generative Recommender with End-to-End Learnable Item Tokenization (2025) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
60 Adapting Large Language Models by Integrating Collaborative Semantics for Recommendation (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
10 Qijiong Liu 54 3
75 RecBase: Generative Foundation Model Pretraining for Zero-Shot Recommendation (2025) Generative Retrieval and Recommendation Architectures
66 ONCE: Boosting Content-based Recommendation with Both Open- and Closed-source Large Language Models (2024) LLM-Derived Knowledge Infusion
11 Yupeng Hou 54 3
68 Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Rankers for Recommender Systems (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
64 Inductive Generative Recommendation via Retrieval-based Speculation (2026) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
12 Shuchang Liu 0001 53 3
86 DLCRec: A Novel Approach for Managing Diversity in LLM-Based Recommender Systems (2025) Preference Alignment and Optimization
74 Recommendation as Language Processing (RLP): A Unified Pretrain, Personalized Prompt & Predict Paradigm (P5) (2022) Knowledge Infusion and Open-World Augmentation
13 Keqin Bao assigned 51 3
64 Decoding Matters: Addressing Amplification Bias and Homogeneity Issue in Recommendations for Large Language Models (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
64 A Bi-Step Grounding Paradigm for Large Language Models in Recommendation Systems (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
14 Yongqi Li 0001 51 3
75 Bridging Items and Language: A Transition Paradigm for Large Language Model-Based Recommendation (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
63 Data-efficient Fine-tuning for LLM-based Recommendation (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
15 Junwei Pan 51 3
77 Cross-Scale Collaboration between LLMs and Lightweight Sequential Recommenders with Domain-Specific Latent Reasoning (2026) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
63 Empowering Large Language Model for Sequential Recommendation via Multimodal Embeddings and Semantic IDs (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
16 Han Li 0005 51 3
63 OneSug: The Unified End-to-End Generative Framework for E-commerce Query Suggestion (2026) Recommendation with Search and Ranking
56 Towards Context-aware Reasoning-enhanced Generative Searching in E-commerce (2026) Recommendation with Search and Ranking
17 Qiang Luo 0004 51 3
62 DiffGRM: Diffusion-based Generative Recommendation Model (2026) Diffusion and Flow Recommenders
56 OneLoc: Geo-Aware Generative Recommender Systems for Local Life Service (2026) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
18 Hao Deng 0011 50 3
61 RCLRec: Reverse Curriculum Learning for Modeling Sparse Conversions in Generative Recommendation (2026) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
58 REG4Rec: Reasoning-Enhanced Generative Model for Large-Scale Recommendation Systems (2026) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
19 Huifeng Guo 50 3
66 LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations (2025) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
63 Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Unifying Retrieval and Ranking with a Single Generative Recommendation Model (2025) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
20 Wei Guo 0006 50 3
66 Can LLMs Outshine Conventional Recommenders? A Comparative Evaluation (2025) Efficiency and Deployment
63 Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Unifying Retrieval and Ranking with a Single Generative Recommendation Model (2025) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
21 Ed H. Chi 50 3
65 PLUM: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for Industrial-scale Generative Recommendations (2026) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
59 LLMs for User Interest Exploration in Large-scale Recommendation Systems (2024) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
22 Lichan Hong 50 3
64 PLUM: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for Industrial-scale Generative Recommendations (2026) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
61 Recommender Systems with Generative Retrieval (2023) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
23 Xiao Zhang 0034 49 3
63 Large Language Models Enhanced Collaborative Filtering (2024) Preference Alignment and Optimization
59 GenSAR: Unifying Balanced Search and Recommendation with Generative Retrieval (2025) Recommendation with Search and Ranking
26 Jianling Wang 49 3
67 Fresh Content Recommendation at Scale: A Multi-funnel Solution and the Potential of LLMs (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
54 LLMs for User Interest Exploration in Large-scale Recommendation Systems (2024) Sequential and Session-based Recommendation
27 Hao Liu 0078 49 3
55 WeaveRec: An LLM-Based Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation Framework with Model Merging (2026) Efficiency and Deployment
47 Mitigating Distribution Shifts in Sequential Recommendation: An Invariance Perspective (2025) Contrastive and Self-Supervised Sequential Recommendation
28 Yang Song 0008 48 3
59 GenSAR: Unifying Balanced Search and Recommendation with Generative Retrieval (2025) Recommendation with Search and Ranking
51 Large Language Models Enhanced Collaborative Filtering (2024) LLM-Enhanced Collaborative Filtering
30 Yu Zhang 0206 48 3
62 MMQ: Multimodal Mixture-of-Quantization Tokenization for Semantic ID Generation and User Behavioral Adaptation (2026) Generative Recommendation and Item Tokenization
61 RCLRec: Reverse Curriculum Learning for Modeling Sparse Conversions in Generative Recommendation (2026) Generative Retrieval and Ranking
31 Bo Peng 0009 48 3
53 eCeLLM: Generalizing Large Language Models for E-commerce from Large-scale, High-quality Instruction Data (2024) Efficiency and Deployment
51 M2: Mixed Models With Preferences, Popularities and Transitions for Next-Basket Recommendation (2023) Efficient and Long-Sequence Sequential Recommendation
32 Lantao Hu 48 3
51 Generative Recommender with End-to-End Learnable Item Tokenization (2025) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
51 Comprehensive List Generation for Multi-Generator Reranking (2025) Recommendation with Search and Ranking
33 Jinxin Hu 48 3
64 REG4Rec: Reasoning-Enhanced Generative Model for Large-Scale Recommendation Systems (2026) Item Tokenization and Semantic IDs
61 RCLRec: Reverse Curriculum Learning for Modeling Sparse Conversions in Generative Recommendation (2026) Generative Retrieval and Ranking